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  Transgenic microbes

Transgenic microbes:

The genetically engineered micro-organisms are being employed for the commercial production of a number of non-microbial products like insulin, interferon, human growth hormone and viral vaccines.

Use of genetically engineered bacterial strain:

In the year 1979, for the very first time Anand Mohan Chakrabarty, an American scientist developed a strain of Pseudomonas putida which comprised a hybrid plasmid derived through combining parts of OCT and CAM. (CAM and OCT are the plasmids that comprise the genes responsible for the decomposition of the hydrocarbons such as camphor and octane correspondingly exists in the oil.) This strain could grow fast on crude oil since it was able of metabolizing hydrocarbons more powerfully. The bacterial strain termed as the superbug was generated on a large scale in laboratory that mixed with straw and dried. While the straw was spread over oil slicks, the straw soaked up the oil and bacteria divide the oil into non-polluting and safe products.  In this method, pollution of land and water because of the oil slicks can be remedied and the phenomenon is termed as bioremediation. It is described as the make use of living microorganisms to degrade environmental pollutants or avoid pollution. The contaminated sites are restored and future pollution is prevented.

Advantages from release of genetically modified microorganisms into the environment:

1.    Protection of environment - Bioremediation of polluted environment.
2.    Microorganisms generating enzymes for food industry.
3.    Microorganisms with enhanced efficiency of fermentation.
4.    Enhanced microorganisms for milk industry.
5.    Microorganisms as live attenuated vaccines for health care.
6.   Rising efficiency of plant nutrition, pest control (safe bio pesticides), protection of plants from climatic stress and safeguard of plants from tumour formation and disease.

 

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