Introduction to Sclerenchyma Simple Tissue
A dead tissue is known as Sclerenchyma. The cells comprise lignified secondary walls. They not have protoplasts. On the base of origin, structure and function, sclerenchyma is categorized into two types -
1. sclereids and
2. fibres.
The sclereids are dissimilar from fibres in the following aspects. Sclereids are shorter while fibres are longer. Sclereids possess many pits as compared to the fibres.
Sclereids
Sclereids are dead cells. They differ very much in shape and thickness. The cell wall is extremely thick because of lignification. Lumen is extremely reduced. The pits might be simple or branched. Generally sclereids are isodiametric, but in a number of plants they are elongated. They are accountable for the rigidity of the seed-coat. The isodiametric sclereids are termed as brachy-sclereids (stone cells). They are set up in bark, pith, cortex, hard endocarp and fleshy portions of a number of fruits. Example pulp of Pyrus.
Elongated rod shaped sclereids are termed as macrosclereids (rod cells). They are exits in the outer seed coat. Example Crotalaria. The rod shaped sclereids along with dilated ends are termed as osteosclereids (bone cells). Example: seed coat of Pisum.
Brachy sclereids
Macro sclereids Osteo sclereid
A fibre
Diagram: Types of sclerenchyma
Fibres
Fibre cells are dead cells. They are extremely long and narrow with pointed ends. In transverse part, the fibres are polygonal along with narrow lumen. The secondary wall is consistently thickened with lignin. It possesses simple pits. They are supporting tissues. They give mechanical strength to the plants and guard them from the strong winds. The fibres which are found in the seed coat of some seeds are termed as surface fibres. Example cotton.
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