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  Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis:

Photosynthesis exactly means ‘synthesis with the help of light’. It is the procedure that provides life to all living beings. The light energy is converted into life energy by plants.

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                                               Diagram:  Diagrammatic illustration – photosynthesis.


It is the just only biological process which makes use of light energy of sun for driving the life machinery. Therefore, photosynthesis is considered as ‘leader’ of all processes both of the biological and abiological.  It is the most basic of all biochemical reactions through which plants synthesize organic compounds in the chloroplast from carbon dioxide and water along with the help of light of sun. It is an oxidation–reduction reaction among water and carbon dioxide.

History of photosynthesis:

320 BC: several persons in history believed that plants feed from their feet – Padapa, consider to a plant which drinks from the feet.

1727: Stephen Hales recognised the significance of light and air in the nourishment of plants.

1779: Jan Ingen-Housz discovered that the green parts of the plant purify the polluted air in the existence of light.

1782: Senebier displayed that as the concentration of CO2 increases, the rate of O2 evolution also increases.

1845: Von Mayer identified that green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy of organic matter.

1845: Liebig pointed out that the organic matter was derived from CO2 and water.

1920: Warburg introduced the unicellular green alga Chlorella like an appropriate material to study photosynthesis.

1932: Emerson and Arnold displayed that the presence of light and dark reactions in photosynthesis.

1937: Hill demostrated photolysis of water through isolated chloroplasts in the existence of suitable electron acceptor.

 
1941: Ruben and Kamen employed 18O2 to depict that O2 comes from water in photosynthesis.

1954: Arnon, Allen and Whatley employed 14CO2 to depict fixation of CO2 by isolated chloroplasts.

1954: Calvin traced the path of carbon in photosynthesis and provided C3 cycle (Calvin cycle) and was awarded Noble prize in the year 1960.

1965: Hatch and Slack reported the C4 pathway for CO2 fixation in certain tropical grasses.

 

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