Degradation of glycogen

Degradation of glycogen (Glycogenolysis):

While the blood sugar level get falls (Hypoglycemia), glycogen stored in the tissues particularly glycogen of liver and muscles may be split and this procedure of failure of glycogen is known as glycogenolysis.

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                                                         Diagram: Glycogenolysis

The following are the several steps of glycogenolysis.

Step 1:

The step first in the breakdown of glycogen is catalyzed via two enzymes that work independently. The first enzyme, that are glycogen phosphorylase along with inorganic phosphate catalyses the cleavage of a terminal α 1-4 bond of glycogen to generate glycogen along with one molecule less and a molecule of glucose 1-phosphate. The enzyme glycogen phosphorylase not cleave α 1-6 linkage. This is performed by other enzyme called the debranching enzyme (α 1-6 glucosidase) that hydrolyses these bonds and so create more α 1-4 linkage accessible to the action of glycogen phosphorylase.

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The joint action of glycogen phosphorylase and the debranching enzyme transforms glycogen to glucose 1-phosphate.
 
Step 2:

After that the glucose 1-phosphate is reversibly converted to glucose 6-phosphate via the enzyme phosphoglucomutase’s action.

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Step 3;

The subsequently reaction that is the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to glucose occurs in the liver and kidney via the action of the enzyme glucose 6-phosphatase.
 
Glucose 6-phosphatase eliminates phosphate group from glucose 6-phosphate allowing the free glucose to diffuse from the cell into the additional cellular spaces including blood. This reaction does not take place in the muscles since the muscles lack the enzyme glucose 6-phosphatase.

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