Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology
1. Elucidate the essential scientific principles, including basic principles of chemistry and physics.
2. Give an example which applies scientific principles to study of zoology.
3. List out the basic properties of life.
4. Illustrate the properties of animals.
5. List out the steps of scientific method.
6. Give an example which consists of discerning between the experimental and the evolutionary sciences.
7. Elucidate the five major theories of Darwinian evolution.
The Origin and Chemistry of Life
1. Illustrate the properties of water that make if invaluable to life as we know it.
2. Elucidate why the versatility of carbon is essential to life.
3. Illustrate the structure and biological function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; give examples of each.
4. Illustrate the four different types of the protein configurations and give examples of each.
5. Elucidate what the Miller–Urey experiments contributed to modern theories of the origin of life.
6. List out the three different energy sources that could have powered the creation of organic molecules early in Earth's history.
7. Describe briefly primary and secondary heterotrophs and autotrophs.
8. Write down a brief note on the Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
9. Illustrate the Margulis proposal of the origin of eukaryotes from prokaryotes.
10. Elucidate the endosymbiotic theory
Cells as Units of Life
The Fabric of Life
1. Characterize the cell theory.
2. Contrast the light microscope with the transmission electron microscope.
3. Illustrate the structure and function of the plasma membrane, chromatin, nucleus, nucleolus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria, microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments, centrioles, basal body, tight junction, adhesion junction, gap junction, desmosome, glycoprotein, and microvilli.
4. Elucidate the fluid–mosaic model concept.
5. List the functions of actin and myosin.
6. Distinguish between cilia, flagella and pseudopodia.
7. List out the ways substance move into or out of a cell through the cell membrane and illustrate the mechanism of each movement.
8. Describe diffusion and osmosis.
9. Describe briefly osmotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure and osmotic potential.
10. Delineate chromosome, centromere, centrosome, kinetochore, mitosis, cytokinesis, and syncytium.
11. Explain each phase of the cell cycle and describe important cellular processes that occur in each stage.
12. List in order the stages of mitosis and describe what happens to the chromosome in each stage.
13. Describe how normal cell death may occur in multicellular organisms.
Cellular Metabolism
Deferring the Second Law
1. Define potential and kinetic energy.
2. State the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
3. Explain how organisms tend to defy the second law of thermodynamics by remaining in an ordered state.
4. Describe the concept of "free energy."
5. Define endergonic and exergonic reactions.
6. Explain how enzymes work as biological catalysts.
7. List the characteristics of enzymes that allow them to function effectively.
8. Describe the molecular structure of ATP.
9. Explain how ATP "energizes" a reaction.
10. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.
11. List the stages of cellular respiration and generally describe what happens in each stage.
12. Explain how ATP may be generated without oxygen.
13. Explain how lipids are metabolized.
14. Explain how proteins are metabolized.
15. Describe the feedback inhibition method.