Uses of coordination compounds:

1. Dyes and Pigments:

Coordination compounds have been utilized from prior times as dyes and pigments, for illustration madder dye that is red, was utilized by the ancient Greeks and others. This is a complex of hydroxyanthraquinone. A more modern illustration is the pigment copper phthalocyanine that is blue.

2. Analytical Chemistry:

The coordination compounds utilized for various purposes, in the laboratory are as shown below:

a) Color Tests:

As many complexes are highly colored they can be utilized as colourimetric reagents example, development of red 2, 2’-bipyridyl and 1, 10-phenanthroline complexes as a test for Fe²⁺

b) Gravimetric Analysis:

Here chelating ligands are frequently employed to form insoluble complexes illustration, Ni(DMG)₂ and Al(oxine)₃.

c) Complexometric Titrations and Masking Agents:

An illustration of this is the utilization of EDTA in the volumetric determination of a wide range of metal ions in solution, example, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺,Ca²⁺,Co²⁺,Ni²⁺,Cu²⁺, and so on. By cautious adjustment of the pH and by using appropriate indicators, mixtures of metals can be analyzed, example, Bi³⁺ in the presence of Pb²⁺. On other hand, EDTA might be employed as masking agent to eliminate a metal ion that would interfere with the analysis of second metal ion present.

3. Extraction of Metals:

At times certain metals can be leached from their ores by the development of stable complexes illustration, Ag and Au as complexes of cyanide ion.

4. Bio-Inorganic Chemistry:

Naturally taking place complexes involve chlorophyll, haemoglobin, and vitamin B₁₂ and so on.

Therapeutic chelating agents are employed as antidotes for heavy metal poisoning.

EDTA and other complexing agents have been utilized to speed the removal of injurious radioactive and other toxic elements from body. (Example, Pb²⁺). In such conditions a soluble metal chelate is generated.

5. Chemotherapy:

An illustration is the utilization of cis-Pt(NH₃)₂ Cl₂ as an anti-tumour drug.

6. Synthetic detergents:

Synthetic detergents having chelating agents like tripolyphosphate. The chelating agent sequesters hard-water cations, rendering them not capable of interfering with the surfactant.

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