Complex formation

Complex formation:

The cations of d-block elements contain strong tendency to form complexes with certain molecules (example, CO, NO, NH3....and so on) or ions (example, F-, Cl-, CN-....and so on) termed as ligands. Their tendency to generate complexes is due to two reasons.

1) Small size and high positive charge density.

2) Presence of vacant (n-1)d orbitals that are of suitable energy to accept lone pair and un-shared pair of electrons from ligands for bonding with them.

Illustrations of some complex compounds are as follows,

[Cu(NH3)4]2+, [Ag(NH3)2]+, [Fe(CN)6]4-,.... and so on.

Formation of alloys:

Transition metals made alloys with each other. This is since they have almost identical size and the atoms of one metal can simply take up positions in the crystal lattice of the other.

Example: Alloys of Cr-Ni, Cr-Ni-Fe, Cr-V-Fe, Mn-Fe......and so on.

 

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