Problem 1: "The study of ethics...should help us to give articulate, defensible reasons for why certain actions ought or ought not to be done" What does this mean to you? Why it is important to have "articulate, defensible reasons" for why we do things?
Problem 2: The ideal of respect is "readily accessible" to everyone. What does this mean? Why is it important?
Problem 3: The "rule-based" theories of ethics. Are there any rules that you follow in your life? Who imposes those rules on you? For example, I try to follow the speed limit as a rule. This is imposed on me by the local government. This because of safety and because I don't want to pay a ticket. Other rules might be imposed on you by yourself, your parents, your country, etc. List three (3) rules here, who imposes them upon you, and why you follow them.