Part 1: Chapter 4: Reflexes and Conditioned Reflexes
Q1. What were some early explanations as to why (or how) humans moved through our environment? Need Assignment Help?
Q2. Define stimulus, reflex, and response, and give examples of each. Restate what Skinner says about the amount of human behavior that can be explained by the reflex model.
Q3. Define conditioned reflex and stimulus substitution, give examples, and explain how they are different from "typical" or "normal" reflexes.
Q4. Explain how Pavlov designed his experimental chamber (room) to control for extraneous variables, and then explain how this anecdote influenced future scientific experimentation.
Q5. Summarize Dr. Skinner's comments about dispossessing "explanatory fictions," and how this embodies the scientific process.
Q6. Give 2 examples of how we can use conditioned reflex training to elicit behavior when desired.
Part 2: Chapter 5: Operant Behavior
Q1. What is the main influence on operant behavior? How is this category of behavior different from reflexive behavior?
Q2. Summarize the cat experiment by Thorndike and what he concluded about the necessary explanations of "reasoning" or other "thought processes".
Q3. Describe a "learning curve" and the Law of Effect, in your own words.
Q4. Define "operant behavior" as defined by Skinner, and provide an example. Define "operant conditioning" and give an example.
Q5. Define "probability of response" and summarize Skinner's comments about the design of an experiment influencing the probability of responding.
Q6. Define and describe a "response class" and what it means.
Q7. Define and give an example of "operant extinction." What influences the speed of extinction, and what are the effects of extinction?
Q8. What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement and reinforcers?
Q9. Define and describe "conditioned" and "generalized" reinforcers. How do they differ from unconditioned reinforcers?
Part 3: Chapter 6: Shaping and Maintaining Operant Behavior
Q1. Generally, describe the concept of "shaping" of behavior.
Q2. Summarize Skinner's discussion of response "transfer", specifically, what might be the mechanisms to explain generalization of responding.
Q3. Describe "differential reinforcement"; describe what is meant by "differential," and how this strategy produces refined behavior.
Q4. Define "intermittent reinforcement" and discuss its unique influences on behavior.