Assignment:
1. Why does smoking increase the risk of heart disease? Provide two reasons based on autonomic function.
2. Describe how the major pumping chambers, the ventricles, form within the developing heart.
3. What arteries play the leading roles in supplying blood to the brain?
4. Explain the location and importance of the ductus arteriosus in fetal circulation.
5. Describe two early induced responses and what pathogens they affect.
Questions:
1. Which type of drug could be used to treat asthma byopening airways wider?
A. sympatholytic drug
B. sympathomimetic drug
C. anticholinergic drug
D. parasympathomimetic drug
2. What neurotransmitter will result in constriction of the pupil?
A. norepinephrine
B. acetylcholine
C. epinephrine
D. serotonin
3. What central fiber tract connects forebrain and brain stem structures with the hypothalamus?
a. cardiac accelerator nerve
b. medial forebrain bundle
c. dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
d. corticospinal tract
4. What region of the limbic lobe is responsible for generating stress responses via the hypothalamus?
A. hippocampus
B. amygdala
C. mammillary bodies
D. prefrontal cortex
5. The cardiovascular centers are located in which area ofthe brain?
A. medulla oblongata
B. Pons
C. mesencephalon (midbrain)
D. cerebrum
6. Which primitive area of the heart will give rise to the right ventricle?
A. bulbus cordis
B. primitive ventricle
C. sinus venosus
D. truncus arteriosus
7. Of the three germ layers that give rise to all adulttissues and organs, which gives rise to the heart?
A. ectoderm
B. endoderm
C. mesoderm
D. placenta
8. The earliest organ to form and begin function within the developing human is the ________.
A. brain
B. stomach
C. lungs
D. heart
9. The coronary arteries branch off of the ________.
A. aortic valve
B. ascending aorta
C. aortic arch
D. thoracic aorta
10. Which of the following statements is true?
A. branch off of the brachiocephalic trunk.
B. The brachial artery is the distal branch of the axillary artery.
C. The radial and ulnar arteries join to form the palmar arch.
D. All of the above are true.
11. Blood islands are ________.
A. clusters of blood-filtering cells in the placenta
B. masses of pluripotent stem cells scattered throughout the fetal bone marrow
C. vascular tubes that give rise to the embryonic tubular heart
D. masses of developing blood vessels and formed elements scattered throughout the embryonic disc
12. The right and left brachiocephalic veins ________.
A. drain blood from the right and left internal jugular veins
B. drain blood from the right and left subclavian veins
C. drain into the superior vena cava
D. all of the above are true
13. Which of the following leads to the redness of inflammation?
A. increased vascular permeability
B. anaphylactic shock
C. increased blood flow
D. complement activation
14. True or false: The buffy coat is the portion of a blood sample that is made up of its proteins.
15. Describe how seroconversion works in HIV disease.
16. Why would it be incorrect to refer to the formed elements as cells?
17. Describe one cardiac cycle, beginning with both atria and ventricles relaxed.
18. Why do the cardiac muscles cells demonstrateautorhythmicity?
19. Nitric oxide is broken down very quickly after its release. Why?
20. Describe how stress affects immune responses.