Problem: For this Assignment:
Write a 3- to 5-paragraphs critique of the article (2 to 3 pages). In your critique, include responses to the following:
Why did the authors use multiple regression? Need Assignment Help?
Do you think it's the most appropriate choice? Why or why not?
Did the authors display the data?
Do the results stand alone? Why or why not?
Did the authors report effect size? If yes, is this meaningful?
Use proper APA format, citations, and referencing.
Here is the article: Risk and Protective Markers for Well-Being in Latinx Immigrants in Removal Proceedings. Wrote by Bailey et al.,(2021).
Objectives:
There are currently 1,308,327 immigrants in removal proceedings, over 80% of whom are Latinx (TRAC, 2021b). This study examined the relation among putative protective markers (i.e. social support, religious support, and legal support) and the emotional and physical well-being of Latinx individuals facing removal proceedings. Hypotheses: We hypothesized that increased social support, religious support, and legal support would buffer the negative relations between hopelessness, poor self-efficacy, and well-being measures (depression, anxiety, stress, mental well-being, somatic symptoms, and physical well-being). Method: Participants (N = 157;31.2% men, M age = 33.4 years) had an active immigration court case in Texas and completed a demographic questionnaire, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived
Social Support, Multi-Faith Religious Support Scale, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, and Short Form Health Survey-12. Results: Higher levels of hopelessness and poor self-efficacy were associated with more negative well-being outcomes, while social support was associated with more positive well-being outcomes. Contrary to hypotheses, religious support and legal support served as risk markers independently, while legal support interacted with hopelessness, such that decreased legal support was associated with higher mental well-being at lower levels of hopelessness and interacted with poor self-efficacy, such that increased legal support was associated with poorer mental well-being at lower levels of self-efficacy. All effect sizes were small (rsp2 = .04 to .16). Conclusions: Targeting hopelessness and poor self-efficacy while promoting social support may help mental health professionals improve the well-being of immigrants in removal proceedings.
Method
Participants
Participants were nondetained, Spanish-speaking undocumented immigrant adults from Latin America who were involved in removal proceedings at a Houston-area immigration court. The first author solicited participation face-to-face through collaboration with several nonprofit organizations offering legal aid at an immigration court. We compensated participants with a $10 Target gift card. We also attempted recruitment from a Houston-area law-firm, but no clients consented to participate per the managing partner at the law-firm; no further explanation was given. A priori power analyses suggested 157 participants would provide adequate power(actual power = .80) to detect a small to medium effect size (f2 =.02 to .15) of main effects with an alpha of .05 (G*POWER; Erd felder et al. 1996).
Results:
Preliminary Analyses
Prior to examining relations between key study variables, we explored relations between key study variables and demographic variables related to key study variables in extant literature. Using bivariate correlations, age was significantly correlated with the SF-12 Physical Well-Being (r =-.17, p = .04) and MSPSS (r =.17, p = .04) scores, such that older age was associated with more physical health problems and more perceived social support, respectively. Education was significantly correlated with BHS (r =-.23, p = .003) and MFRSS (r =-.17, p = .03), such that higher educational attainment was correlated with less hopelessness and less perceived religious support, respectively. Time living in the United States was significantly correlated with Legal Support (r =.20, p = .01), such that the longer an individual had been living in the United States., the more likely they were to have received help for their immigration court case. Finally, fear of deportation was significantly correlated with PHQ-15 (r = .17, p = .04), DASS-21 stress (r = .19, p = .02), and DASS-21 Depression (r = .20, p = .01) such that greater fear of deportation was correlated with greater reported somatic symptoms, stress, and depression. Based on independent samples t-tests, gender was significantly related to MSPSS, such that women (M = 5.24, SD = 1.33) endorsed less perceived social support than men (M = 5.64, SD = .90), t(156) = 2.19, p = .030, 95% CI [.04, .76], Cohen's d = .35. Income, language proficiency, and employment were not significantly related to any study variables.Before running ANOVA analyses for country of origin, we collapsed Dominican Republic and Cuba into a category labeled "Caribbean," as the Dominican Republic cell had too few participants (n = 1) to stand alone. Results indicated that participants' Legal Support varied as a function of origin country, F(5, 151) = 4.88, p ,.001, h2p = .14, MSPSS, F(5, 151) = 3.68, p = .004, h2p = .12, MFRSS, F(5, 151) = 4.98, p , .001, h2p = .14, and BHS, F(5,151) = 3.58, p = .004, h2p = .11. No differences on any other measures were statistically significant for country of origin.
We conducted four Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD)post hoc analyses to better understand these main effects. Results indicated that participants from El Salvador had more legal support than participants from Guatemala, Honduras, and the Caribbean. Additionally, participants from the Caribbean perceived themselves to have more social support than participants from Honduras and El Salvador.Regarding the MFRSS, participants from the Caribbean perceived themselves to have less religious support than participants from Guatemala and Honduras. Last, participants from El Salvador were more hopeless than participants from Venezuela and the Caribbean. Results from Tukey's HSD post hoc analyses appear in Table 1. Variables related to predictor and outcome variables (i.e. age, education, time lived in the United States, fear of deportation, gender, and country of origin) were retained as covariates for multivariate analyses.