Problem
Question 1
There are 3 defining characteristics of epithelium that we can use to identify it in a microscope slide. Explain what each is, and how it can be used to identify epithelium.
Question 2
Body solutes most readily exist in a charged ion form. Why?
Question 3
Even though water requires aquaporins to move through the plasma membrane, it is still the most commonly transported substance in a cell membrane. Why? Explain in terms of energy requirements and relative concentrations.
Question 4
How is oxygen used by cells in the body? What happens to it?
Question 5
We can use water content as a proxy for measuring the relative amounts of connective, muscle, epithelium, and neural tissue in a particular part of the body. For each tissue, would you expect a high or low water content? Explain.
Question 6
Normally, the body uses buffers to maintain pH in different tissue environments. Explain why, and describe what role buffers would play in a negative feedback loop.
Question 7
Explain the action of Angiotensin II with regards to water and solute balance in blood.
Question 8
Water can be described as being almost ionic. Explain what is meant by this in detail.
Question 9
Why are our lungs an essential pH buffer for the body?
Question 10
What happens to the sugar, fatty acids, or amino acids that are processed through the Krebs Cycle? Be specific.
Question 11
To keep Potassium in balance in the body, should a negative or positive feedback loop be used? Explain.
Question 12
Lipids and Protein can both be used as an alternative to carbohydrates as an energy source. Which is a better source, and why?
Question 13
From the molecules below, select the ones which you think should be the most and least polar. Explain your answers.
NaCL
CH4
C2H5OH
NH3
Question 14
How and where in the process of cellular respiration is Oxygen used? What happens to it? Explain.
Question 15
In the body there are actually three types of skeletal muscle:
a. Low Energy oxidative fibers
b. High Energy oxidative fibers
c. High Energy non-oxidative fibers
For each, explain which kind(s) of glucose metabolism you would expect to find in each. What kind of physical activity would each be best suited for?