Suppose a pilot study of only 5 subjects had been carried out in order to test if users of a new toothpaste had significantly fewer cavities than what is typical for the population.
a. Which type of error is more likely to occur: concluding that the new toothpaste is better when it really isn't, or failing to conclude that the new toothpaste is better when it really is?
b. Tell whether the error you chose in part (a) is Type I or Type II.