1. Which of the following would you expect to see when an individual uses iron supplements and an iron-rich diet to recover from iron-deficiency anemia?
· Improvement in the iron levels of the red blood cells only
· Improvement in the iron levels of the red blood cells and iron in the plasma
· Improvement in the iron levels of the red blood cells, iron in the plasma, and iron stores in other tissues
· Improvement in the iron levels in the plasma only
2. Bernhard is a football player on your university football team and he is eating high amounts of protein. Considering his high protein intake, how should he adjust his water intake and why?
· He needs to increase his daily water intake to help the kidneys excrete the protein waste products.
· He needs to increase his daily water intake to help the heart pump the protein more efficiently to the muscles.
· He needs to decrease his daily water intake so that a more concentrated source of protein gets to the muscles.
· He needs to decrease his daily water intake so that the intestine more efficiently absorbs the protein that enters the intestinal tract.
3. Which of the following is NOT associated with increased risk of developing osteoporosis?
· Being female
· Long-term alcohol abuse
· Using tobacco products
· Walking daily for exercise
4. Dried fruits are good sources of which of the following minerals?
· Calcium and zinc
· Fructose and iron
· Iron and potassium
· Potassium and zinc
5. Which of the following is FALSE about hypertension?
· Dietary intake of sodium, but not magnesium or calcium, affects blood pressure.
· It is more common in African Americans than non-Hispanic whites.
· Risk for developing hypertension increases as you age.
· Regular exercise can delay the onset of hypertension.
6. Excess body weight is associated with _____risk of osteoporosis development.
· increased
· reduced
· no (there is no relationship between body weight and osteoporosis development)
7. If antidiuretic hormone levels decrease, you would expect that
· less water is excreted in the urine.
· more water is excreted in the urine.
· no change in amount of water excreted in the urine.
8. When intracellular concentrations of protein and sodium are high, you would expect that water is drawn into the
· blood capillaries
· cells
· extracellular fluid
· red blood cells
9. Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?
· Assistance in the regulation of body temperature
· Protection and lubrication of joints
· Regulation of blood glucose
· Transportation of water-soluble nutrients
10. Phytic acid, tannins, and oxalates _____the absorption of many minerals.
· decrease
· increase
· have no effect on
11. Higher blood pressure at the arterial side of the capillaries forces water from the blood into the tissues, whereas lower blood pressure:
· has little or no affect on the hydration of tissues
· promotes the release of hormones that assists in the movement of water from cells
· decreases the sodium and water in cells
· in combination with differences in solute concentration, causes fluid to move back into the capillaries via osmosis
12. Iron deficiency causes fatigue:
· Because hemoglobin cannot be produced
· Because hemoglobin is in excess
· Because red blood cells become too large
· Because too much oxygen is delivered to the tissues
13. Adam has just returned from his long run of 6 miles in which he forgot his water bottle. Which of the following processes is most likely happening in Adam's body?
· The pituitary gland is signaling the liver to conserve energy.
· The antidiuretic hormone is signaling the kidneys to reabsorb water, thus increasing the amount of water lost in the urine.
· The antidiuretic hormone is signaling the kidneys to reabsorb water, thus decreasing the amount of water lost in the urine.
· His thirst mechanism has become impaired.
14. An athlete that has just run 15 miles is dehydrated. What organ is responsible for monitoring this athlete's hydration status?
· The kidneys
· The pituitary gland
· The bladder
· The heart
15. Selenium reduces the body's need for Vitamin E because:
· It activates glutathione peroxidase
· It is incorporated into glutathione peroxidase
· It helps synthesize thyroid hormones
· It reduces synthesis of thyroid hormones
16. More Americans are obese today than 40 years ago because:
· We are eating less and moving less
· We are eating more and moving more
· We are eating more and moving less
· Americans are not obese
17. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic if a good weight loss program?
· Suits your individual preferences of food choices
· Meets your time and cost needs
· Provides sound nutrition advice
· Promotes short term lifestyle changes
18. Jim has a BMI of 26 kg/m2, a waist circumference of 38, and none of the health conditions associated with excess body fat. He exercises regularly and does not smoke. From what we know about Jim, what can we most likely infer?
· Jim needs to gain weight.
· Jim needs to lose weight.
· Jim does not need to lose weight.
· Jim is at risk for developing diabetes.
19. Calculate the total calories needed to meet the energy needs of a 19 year old man, who weighs 72.7 kgs, is 1.75 m tall and very physically active.
· 2426 Calories
· 2426 Calories X 1.11
· 2426 Calories X 1.25
· 2426 Calories X 1.48
20. Using the information in this table, what is the BMI for a 20 year old woman who is 5'7" tall and weighs 134 pounds?
· 19
· 21
· 26
· 30
21. Which of these pictures likely demonstrates the person with more visceral versus subcutaneous fat?
· Picture A
· Picture B
22. Identify the energy equation which is most accurate for the individual who is weight stable.
· Energy intake equals total calories expended from physical activity and the thermic effect of food
· Energy intake plus the calories expended for the basal metabolic rate equals the total calories expended from physical activity and the thermic effect of food
· Energy intake minus calories expended from physical activity equals the thermic effect of food
· Energy intake equals total calories expended from physical activity, the thermic effect of food and the basal metabolic rate
23. Which of the following is a reason that the amount of extra subcutaneous fat would be higher than the amount of visceral fat?
· Being a woman
· Stress
· Alcohol consumption
· Increasing age
24. Ghrelin is involved in _____ body weight regulation and leptin is involved with _____body weight regulation.
· short-term, short-term
· short-term, long-term
· long-term, short-term
· long-term, long-term
25. Which of the following is/are factors that contribute to eating disorders?
· Low self-esteem and the need for self-control
· Thin body ideal and an abundant food supply
· Inherited personality traits
· All of these can contribute to an eating disorder
26. A high BMI is NOT associated with an increased health risk when:
· The person has a small amount of muscle mass
· The person does not look overweight
· The person exercises regularly and eats healthy
· The person does not have any chronic diseases
27. Which eating disorder is associated with a person having low self-esteem?
· Anorexia nervosa
· Bulimia nervosa
· Binge-eating disorder
· Low self-esteem may play a role in all of these eating disorders
28. What would be the best recommendation to a friend who wants to gain weight?
· Add an extra 1000 Calories spread over three meals each day
· Add an extra snack of between 100-200 Calories each day
· Increase your food portions at each meal and decrease your exercise to maintain your muscle mass
· Decrease your food portions at each meal and decrease your exercise to maintain your muscle mass
29. The eating disorder that is characterized by being overweight is:
· Binge eating
· Anorexia
· Bulimia
· None of these
30. Noelle is an 18 year old female. She is 5 feet 5 inches tall (1.65 m), weighs 130 pounds (59.1 kg), and her physical activity value is 1.31. What is her estimated energy requirement?
· 1798 calories/day
· 2399 calories/day
· 2459 calories/day
· 3300 calories/day