Which of the following would not be considered part of the process of natural selection?
a. Many of the variations among individuals in a population are heritable.
b. More offspring are produced than are able to survive and reproduce.
c. Individuals with traits best adapted to the environment are likely to leave more offspring.
d. Many adaptive traits may be acquired during an individual's lifetime, helping that individual to evolve.
e. Differential reproductive success leads to gradual change in a population.