Which of the following stands true of corruption? a. Private investment is relatively higher in countries in which government expenditure is very high. b. Corrupt governments spend less on capital goods than governments that are less corrupt. c. Payment of money or gifts in order to receive a government service or benefit is a widespread practice only in less-developed countries. d. Corruption reduces growth most directly through government investment in projects with high productivity. e. The more competitive a country’s markets are, the fewer the opportunities for corruption.