Question 1: This type of selection favors both extremes of the phenotype spectrum within a population.
A. disruptive
B. natural
C. neutral
D. stabilizing
E. directional
Question 2: On a molecular level, all organisms
A. have the same bases in DNA and RNA, the same amino acids in proteins, but use different genetic codes.
B. have the same bases in DNA and RNA, the same amino acids in proteins, and use the same genetic code.
C. use different means of storing genetic information.
D. have the same bases in DNA and RNA, but different amino acids in proteins.
E. show no similarities.
Question 3: Most mutations lead to a decreased chance of survival for the mutant organism. Rarely, a mutation can provide an increased chance of survival. These rare mutations provide a(n) _____________________ for the mutant.
A. selective disadvantage
B. environmental susceptibility
C. adaptive
D. directional shift
E. selective advantage
Question 4: After being produced in the seminiferous tubules, sperm mature in the
A. seminal vesicle.
B. vas deferens.
C. epididymis.
D. ejaculatory duct.
E. urethra.
Question 5: Random changes in gene frequency that occur in small populations describes the concept of
A. genetic drift.
B. adaptive radiation.
C. parapatric speciation.
D. sympatric speciation.
E. convergent evolution.
Question 6: The primary male hormone is
A. produced throughout a male's entire lifetime.
B. produced in the brain.
C. testosterone.
D. estrogen.
E. only involved in sperm production.
Question 7: Which of the following statements about natural selection is true?
A. Natural selection leads to increased likelihood of survival for certain individuals based on variation. The variation must come from outside the population.
B. Natural selection results in those individuals within a population who are best-adapted surviving and producing more offspring.
C. Natural selection causes variations to arise within a population.
D. All individuals within a population have an equal likelihood of survival. Survival is based on chance.
E. Natural selection leads to extinction.
Question 8: Which of the following is not true of the punctuated equilibrium theory?
A. It was inspired in part by patterns observed in the fossil record.
B. It suggests that most species undergo little phenotypic change during most of their evolutionary duration.
C. It suggests that subgroups diverge and evolve at about equal and constant rates.
D. It appears to be well supported by the fossil record.
E. It proposes that most evolutionary change is concentrated in relatively brief episodes of change.
Question 9: Animals that possess both male and female sexual organs
A. are hermaphroditic and typically cross-fertilize.
B. are dioecious and typically self-fertilize.
C. are parthenogenetic and typically self-fertilize.
D. are hermaphroditic and typically self-fertilize.
E. are dioecious and typically cross-fertilize.
Question 10: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
A. acts as a hormone signaling menstruation.
B. can be used to reveal pregnancy.
C. is needed to form the placenta.
D. is stored in the ovaries.
E. is produced by the amnion.
Question 11: Chemical compounds secreted by mammals and insects to communicate sexual readiness are called
A. hormones.
B. pheromones.
C. developers.
D. testosterones.
E. estrogens.
Question 12: Vestigial organs
A. did not have a function when they first developed, but do so today.
B. are not found in present-day organisms.
C. include the human appendix and wisdom teeth and a snake's hipbones.
D. must have evolved individually in different organisms.
E. are similar in many organisms.
Question 13: Negative feedback loops act to
A. cause expulsion of milk during breastfeeding.
B. cause an erection of the penis when stimulated.
C. control sperm production.
D. cause uterine contractions during childbirth.
E. cause milk production after childbirth.
Question 14: Which of the following is the best description of an adaptation?
A. a trait that will be beneficial in the future
B. a trait that is of no advantage to survival
C. a trait that is currently beneficial to survival
D. an environmental change that selects for certain traits
E. a trait that was beneficial to survival in the past
Question 15: Up until the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, many naturalists believed that all species of living organism(s) had been created separately and had remained unchanged since the creation. Around that time, scientific research provided findings that were contradictory to that idea. All of the following are findings that contradict the idea of a single creation. Choose the exception.
A. Even though the limbs of various mammals carry out different functions (swimming, gliding, running, holding, etc.), the bone patterns are very similar.
B. The platypus is only found in Australia and the dodo was only found on Madagascar.
C. The limbs of some mammals serve the same purpose but their bone patterns are very different.
D. Some fossils of extinct organisms are quite different from living organisms.
E. As scientists explored more of the earth, they found that different groups of organisms were found in the different regions.
Question 16: Embryonic development includes all of the following except
A. organogenesis.
B. cleavage.
C. gastrulation.
D. fertilization.
E. growth.
Question 17: Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are
A. produced in the ovaries.
B. constantly secreted into the bloodstream of males.
C. produced in the testes.
D. only produced in female humans.
E. produced in both male and female humans.
Question 18: A population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
A. consists of allele frequencies that are constantly changing.
B. is under no selective pressures.
C. is very common in nature.
D. consists of genotype frequencies that are constantly changing.
E. requires a small population size.
Question 19: As opposed to external fertilization, internal fertilization ensures that
A. only the fittest of sperm and egg combinations will survive.
B. the number of sperm and eggs produced will be equal.
C. sperm and egg will be released simultaneously.
D. all of the sperm will fertilize eggs.
E. sperm will be protected until they can unite with the eggs.
Question 20: Immature eggs are called
A. basal cells.
B. ovaries.
C. blastocysts.
D. oocytes.
E. follicles.