1. Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia,and paralysis are caused by
a. Hypertension
b. Ischemia
c. Decreased oncotic pressure
d. Failure of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
2. Which of the following is least apt to increase cardiac output?
a. Increased heart rate
b. Increased stroke volume
c. Increased venous return
d. Vagal discharge