Which of the following is an accurate statement about state lotteries?
a. because of individual demand for gambling, lottery proceeds are stable from year to year and easily predictable.
b. compared to other sources of state revenue, the cost of raising revenue from a lottery is quite low per dollar raised.
c. because of broad participation rates through all income classes, the burden of the lottery is equivalent to that of a proportional tax.
d. earmarking of lettery proceeds for specific purposes, i.e., for primary and secondary education, has not always increased the state spending for those purposes.