1. Which of the following is associated with serious infection of the meninges?
· Clogging of blood vessels
· Increased pressure within the skull
· Decreased cerebrospinal fluid flow
· Impaired central nervous system function
· All of the above
2. Which of the following is NOT true of the nervous system?
· Consists of central and peripheral systems
· Central nervous system is composed of brain and spinal cord
· Ganglia are part of brain
· Meninges is membrane that covers brain and spinal cord
· Normally free of microbes
3. Which of the following is a common cause of meningitis in non-immunized young children?
· Streptococcus pneumoniae
· Escherichia coli
· Staphylococcus
· Haemophilus influenzae
· None of the above
4. A complication of infection with this organism (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome) can occur if the organism becomes widely distributed in the body, leading to endotoxin shock and death. What is this organism?
· Haemophilus influenzae
· Neisseria meningitidis
· Streptococcus pneumoniae
· Listeria monocytogenes
· None of the above
5. What is the microorganism that causes most cases of meningitis among adults?
· Haemophilus influenzae
· Neisseria meningitidis
· Listeria monocytogenes
· Streptococcus pneumoniae
6. Which of the following bacteria that may cause meningitis is Gram positive and therefore does not cause endotoxin shock in infected individuals?
· Escherichia coli
· Neisseria meningitidis
· Listeria monocytogenes
· Haemophilus influenzae
· None of the above
7. The disease associated with Chronic meningitis is caused by ________
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae.
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
C. Staphylococcus.
D. Treponema pallidum.
E. B and D
8. Meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes is usually transmitted by ________
· food.
· water.
· aerosols.
· sexual contact.
· physical contact.
9. What causes Hansen's disease (leprosy)?
· Mycobacterium tuberculosis
· Mycobacterium leprae
· Listeria monocytogenes
· Clostridium botulinum
· Prions
10. What is the only bacterium known to damage peripheral nerves?
· Naegleria fowleri
· Mycobacterium leprae
· Streptococcus pneumoniae
· Neisseria meningitidis
· Haemophilus influenzae
11. Muscle spasms that can lead to an arched back and spasms of the jaw muscles (lockjaw) can be caused by infections with ________
· Clostridium tetani.
· Clostridium botulinum.
· Mycobacterium leprae.
· Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
· Poliovirus.
12. A vaccine that was developed in 1933 has proven effective in reducing the incidence of disease caused by ________
· Clostridium botulinum.
· Mycobacterium leprae.
· Clostridium tetani.
· Streptococcus pneumoniae.
· Listeria monocytogenes.
13. What is the most common form of disease caused by Clostridium botulinum?
· Infant
· Wound
· Lung, followed by exposure to aerosols
· Foodborne
· None of the above
14. A toxin that causes paralysis by preventing the release of acetylcholine at the junctions between neurons and muscles is produced by strains of ________
· Clostridium botulinum.
· Mycobacterium leprae.
· Streptococcus thermicos.
· Clostridium tetani.
· Listeria monocytogenes.
15. Preventing African sleeping sickness is nearly impossible because ________
A. the trypanosomes change their surface glycoproteins evading the host immune response.
B. the tsetse fly has a wide range and eradication is difficult.
C. vaccines must target many antigens.
D. All of the above
E. A and B
16. Poliovirus infections may cause no symptoms and go undetected in ________
· small children.
· teenagers.
· young adults.
· elderly.
· All of the above
17. Which form of poliovirus vaccine is better at eliminating viruses in the gastrointestinal tract?
· Live attenuated vaccine
· Formalin-killed vaccine
18. A major difference between infections with prions and other agents is that infections with prions:
· Do not lead to an inflammatory response
· Are not transmissible
· Do not cause an increase in the size of astrocytes
· Are not fatal
· All of the above
Section: Matching
19. Tissue necrosis, brain edema, headache, fever, occasionally seizures
· Bacterial meningitis
· Listeriosis
· Rabies
· Encephalitis
· Hansen's disease
· Tetanus
· Botulism
· Poliomyelitis
· Transmissable spongiform encephalopathies
· Chagas' disease
20. A kind of meningitis seen in fetuses and immunodeficient patients
· Bacterial meningitis
· Listeriosis
· Rabies
· Encephalitis
· Hansen's disease
· Tetanus
· Botulism
· Poliomyelitis
· Transmissable spongiform encephalopathies
· Chagas' disease
21. Invades nerves and brain; headache, fever, nausea, partial paralysis, coma, and death ensue unless patient has immunity
· Bacterial meningitis
· Listeriosis
· Rabies
· Encephalitis
· Hansen's disease
· Tetanus
· Botulism
· Poliomyelitis
· Transmissable spongiform encephalopathies
· Chagas' disease
22. Range of symptoms from loss of skin pigment and sensation to lepromas and erosion of skin and bone
· Bacterial meningitis
· Listeriosis
· Rabies
· Encephalitis
· Hansen's disease
· Tetanus
· Botulism
· Poliomyelitis
· Transmissable spongiform encephalopathies
· Chagas' disease
23. Fever, back pain, muscle spasms, partial or complete flaccid paralysis from destruction of motor neurons
· Bacterial meningitis
· Listeriosis
· Rabies
· Encephalitis
· Hansen's disease
· Tetanus
· Botulism
· Poliomyelitis
· Transmissable spongiform encephalopathies
· Chagas' disease
24. Death of brain cells leave holes, creating spongiform brain tissue; amyloid plaques form; long delay before symptoms appear; then spasms rapidly worsening to collapse; no cure
· Bacterial meningitis
· Listeriosis
· Rabies
· Encephalitis
· Hansen's disease
· Tetanus
· Botulism
· Poliomyelitis
· Transmissable spongiform encephalopathies
· Chagas' disease
25. Subcutaneous inflammation, damage to lymphatic tissues, muscle, and nerve ganglia; muscle pain and paralysis of intestinal, heart, and skeletal muscle
· Bacterial meningitis
· Listeriosis
· Rabies
· Encephalitis
· Hansen's disease
· Tetanus
· Botulism
· Poliomyelitis
· Transmissable spongiform encephalopathies
· Chagas' disease.