QUESTION 1: Which of the following is NOT good advice for avoiding sleep problems?
Minimize consumption of stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine.
Vary the time when you go to bed at night.
Establish a daytime exercise program.
Avoid daytime naps if you're having trouble sleeping at night.
QUESTION 2: In general, as the cycle of sleep recurs through the night, it tends to contain
more Stage 4 and less REM.
more Stage 4 and more REM.
less Stage 4 and less REM.
less Stage 4 and more REM.
QUESTION 3: Which of the following drugs is NOT a narcotic?
codeine
cocaine
morphine
heroin
QUESTION 4: While Nicholas was hypnotized, he was able to endure painful jaw surgery without any anesthesia. This could be taken as support for the view that hypnosis
causes people to act out a role.
is the same as REM sleep.
is the same as slow-wave sleep.
creates a dissociation in conscious awareness.
QUESTION 5: The example of a new parent who sleeps through a loud thunderstorm, but wakes up the minute his newborn infant begins to cry is used to illustrate that during sleep, there is
no awareness of external stimuli.
a selective awareness of external stimuli.
no awareness of either external or internal stimuli.
an awareness of all external stimuli.
QUESTION 6: Psychoactive drugs work primarily by altering
the functioning of the endocrine system.
the functioning of sensory receptor cells.
neurotransmitter activity in the brain.
neurotransmitter activity in the peripheral nervous system.
QUESTION 7: If you were to lie down under a tree and relax but not fall asleep, your dominant brain-wave pattern would MOST likely consist of
alpha waves.
beta waves.
delta waves.
theta waves.
QUESTION 8: Which of the following drugs is LEAST likely to result in a fatal overdose?
LSD
heroin
cocaine
morphine
QUESTION 9: The procedure used by a hypnotist that relaxes an individual and increases his attention and suggestibility is called a
hypnotic induction.
hypnotic trance.
hypnotic dissociation.
hypnotic deduction.
QUESTION 10: A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility is known as
mesmerization
hypnosis
hallucinations
hypersomnia
QUESTION 11: Anne has noticed that for the past three weeks, she is unable to sleep for more than five hours at a time, even though she used to regularly get eight hours of sleep per night. She wakes early in the morning and just can't fall back to sleep once this happens. It appears that Anne has developed
somnambulism.
insomnia.
pseudoinsomnia.
sleep apnea.
QUESTION 12: Sheri has no trouble falling asleep, but she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri is suffering from
insomnia.
narcolepsy.
sleep apnea.
pseudoinsomnia.
QUESTION 13: In which culture would people be held responsible for their dream actions? (For example, an erotic dream about someone could be seen as an adulterous act.)
Marakesh of Morocco
Aborigines of Australia
Arapesh of New Guinea
Parintinin of Brazil
QUESTION 14: Among the following, which drug tends to produce tolerance most SLOWLY?
narcotics
stimulants
sedatives
alcohol
QUESTION 15: Alpha waves are likely to be prominent if you are
programming a computer.
meditating.
under hypnosis.
doing any of these things
QUESTION 16: An elderly person has a stroke that leaves her unable to talk and part of her body paralyzed. Which part of the body is MOST likely to be paralyzed?
right side
left side
upper body
lower body
QUESTION 17: Donald and Ronald are identical twins who have been raised apart, in separate adoptive homes. However, both brothers have developed the same psychological disorder. This information could be used as evidence to suggest that
environmental factors have more influence than genetic factors in this disorder.
both genetic and environmental factors contribute equally to this disorder.
genetic factors have more influence than environmental factors in this disorder.
neither genetic nor environmental factors contribute to this disorder.
QUESTION 18: Sara is holding Scott's hand during a scary movie. Suddenly, she squeezes his hand very hard. When she does this, the neurons in Scott's hand will
start to fire at a faster rate.
send stronger signals to his central nervous system.
enter an absolute refractory period.
release more chloride ions.
QUESTION 19: Olds and Milner (1954) found that rats will endlessly stimulate a pleasure center in the __________ when an electrode is implanted there.
brainstem
corpus callosum
limbic system
frontal lobe of the occipital cortex
QUESTION 20: Amy has lost her senses of sight, hearing, and touch. Her symptoms are found to be caused by pressure applied to the brain by a tumor. Where is the tumor likely to be found?
cerebrum
amygdale
thalamus
medial forebrain bundle
QUESTION 21: Mary recently had a small stroke that left her unable to move her right side. In which lobe of the cerebrum did the stroke MOST likely cause damage?
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
frontal lobe
thalamic lobe
QUESTION 22: The cells of the nervous system that do the work of receiving, integrating, and transmitting information are the
neurilemma.
glia.
neuroblasts.
neurons.
QUESTION 23: Imagine that you have stumbled across a secret laboratory where an evil scientist is conducting unauthorized brain research. By altering brain structures, he has created superheroes who have specialized powers or abilities. One of these superheroes seldom feels hungry or thirsty and can go for days without feeling the need to eat or drink. In this case, the brain structure that the scientist MOST likely altered would be
the thalamus.
the hypothalamus.
the reticular formation.
the hippocampus.
QUESTION 24: The brain structure that is responsible for the human ability to engage in higher mental activity such as thinking and remembering is the
corpus callosum.
cerebrum.
cerebellum.
hypothalamus.
QUESTION 25: Which research method allows researchers to MOST easily isolate the effect of both genetics and experience on specific traits?
family studies
twin studies
adoption studies
survey studies
QUESTION 26: ____ refers to the reproductive success of an individual organism relative to the average reproductive success in the population.
Natural selection
Polygenic transmission
Fitness
Gene flow
QUESTION 27: Efferent nerve fibers transmit messages ____ the brain and spinal cord.
within or between
away from
toward
away from and toward
QUESTION 28: The main reason for the characterization of the left hemisphere as the "dominant" hemisphere was
the evidence that the left hemisphere usually processes language.
the evidence that the left hemisphere usually processes complex information.
the fact that the majority of people are right-handed.
that split-brain patients use only their left hemisphere for processing information.
QUESTION 29: The neurotransmitter(s) released by motor neurons that results in movement of the voluntary muscles is(are)
endorphins.
monoamines.
acetylcholine.
dopamine.
QUESTION 30: Hormones are transported throughout the body via the
nervous system.
limbic system.
bloodstream.
lymph nodes.