Question ADHD has been linked to antisocial behavior.
True
False
Question 2. Gang membership has increased over the past decade.
True
False
Question 3. Which of the early forms of judicial proceedings involved a determination of guilt based on the ability of the accused to withstand placing his hand in boiling water or holding a hot iron?
Trial by ordeal
Trial by combat
Trial by fire
Trial by jury
Question 4. CASE 2.3
Mary, a student at a community college in New York, is in the United States on a student visa that allows her to remain in the United States until she obtains her master's degree in biology. She is considering returning to her home country because she is concerned with the increase in crime at her college and in the surrounding area. Mary attempts to find information on the crime rates in her hometown to compare to those in the city where she currently attends college.
Why will it be difficult for Mary to compare the crime rates in a U.S. city with her hometown of London, England?
England does not have any crime statistics that are available to civilians.
There are differences in the way crime is measured.
England is a dictatorship and manipulates crime rates so that their country appears to be safe.
Only solved cases are included in England's crime rates.
Question 5. Individual state jurisdictions still control police shooting policy.
True
False
Question 6. Private police focus largely on prevention.
True
False
Question 7. Which was the first major technological breakthrough in early policing?
Bicycle patrols
Community policing
Telegraph communication
Hand-held radios
Question 8. Foot patrol efforts were aimed at forming a bond with community residents by acquainting residents with the individual officers who patrolled their neighborhood.
True
False
Question 9. CASE 2.1
Your local police department is concerned with this year's most recent crime statistics. The police chief meets with city officials and his higher-ranking police personnel. They meet to discuss potential policies and procedures in order to reduce the crime rates in their city.
One improvement that pleases the police chief is that over 45% of all of the cities' Part I crimes have resulted in arrest. When an offender is arrested and charged with a crime the offense is considered:
Adjudicated.
Cleared.
Disposed.
Finished.
Question 10. The nonintervention perspective believes there is a stigma that locks people into a criminal way of life.
True
False
Question 1In the late nineteenth century, police work was not desirable because it paid less than most other blue-collar jobs.
True
False
Question 12. CASE 5.1
Danny is a new police recruit. He is amazed at the technology that is used at his police department. His goal is to become a detective who works in the crime scene investigation unit of his police department. Because of this goal, when he responds to a call he pays particular attention to the technology used by his police department.
One call that Danny responds to is a shooting in which the offender is believed to be hiding in a vacant office building. What device are the officers using to detect whether the suspect is actually hiding in this vacant office building?
Biometrics
Data mining
DNA testing
Thermal imagers
Question 13. The _______________ is an investigative agency with jurisdiction over all law enforcement matters in which the United States is an interested party.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
Department of Justice (DOJ)
U.S. Secret Service
Question 14. Consideration of IQ and attachment are a part of what type of theory?
Psychological theory
Sociological theory
Sociobiological theory
Choice theory
Question 15. The NIBRS includes all the offenses that occur in an incident, rather than only the most serious offense.a
True
False
Question 16. During their investigation of the murder of Carl's wife, the police conduct a search of Carl's home without first procuring a warrant. Carl asserts that the police search was unlawful and a violation of which type of law?
Substantive criminal law
Procedural criminal law
Civil law
Public law
Question 17. If a lawyer assists their client in engaging in illegal behavior, they are not subject to criminal charges because of their attorney-client privilege.
True
False
Question 18. If a suspect simply remains silent, this means they have asserted their Miranda Rights.
True
False
Question 19. The Court's decision in Illinois v. Gates established which legal standard?
The knock and announce rule
The totality of circumstances test
The plain view doctrine
The plain feel doctrine
Question 20
CASE 6.2
A few concerned citizens made an appointment to meet with the chief of police in Anytown, USA. They are concerned with the productivity of the police department in their city. They are also concerned with the lack of coordination between the residents of the city and the police department.
Mr. Smith is one resident who brings up at the meeting that there are a few locations, known as hot spots of crime, that are the biggest concern for the residents. All of the following are considered to be potential hotspots of crime except:
Bars.
Bus depots.
Malls.
Schools.
Question 21
What does lifestyle theory posit about victimization?
The victim invariably precipitates their own victimization.
Victimization is a function of social strain and precipitation.
Crime is not a random event, and the probability of a crime occurring is dependent on the activities of the victim.
Victims are just as likely to become offenders as offenders are to become victims.
Question 22
Which of the following is not considered an excuse defense?
Duress
Insanity
Intoxication
Self-defense
Question 23
As a private citizen, a person could enter someone else's property and search for contraband without triggering Fourth Amendment prohibitions.
True
False
Question 24
The average police officer can expect to make between ten and fifteen arrests per month for serious crimes.
True
False
Question 25
Which of the following is an extralegal factor?
The age of the offender
The available evidence surrounding the offense
The suspect's prior record
The seriousness of the charge
Question 26
Which branch of government is responsible for the day-to-day operation of justice agencies?
Correctional
Legislative
Executive
Question 27
Undercover work is an unnecessary element of police work.
True
False
Question 28
Data mining recognizes geographic "hot spots" where a majority of predatory crimes are concentrated.
True
False
Question 29
If you believe in the concept of "just deserts," which justice perspective do you favor?
Rehabilitation
Restorative justice
Equal justice
Due process
Question 30
In 1961, the courts made the exclusionary rule applicable to the state courts in the landmark decision of Mapp v. Ohio.
True
False
Question 31
The National Crime Victimization Survey and the UCR are the only methods of crime data collection used in the United States.
True
False
Question 32
Which branch of government oversees criminal justice practices and has the power to determine whether existing operations fall within the bounds of the U.S. Constitution?
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Correctional
Question 33
An example of a strict liability crime is robbery.
True
False
Question 34
Under the public safety doctrine, a suspect can be questioned in the field without being read their Miranda Rights.
True
False
Question 35
The two components of the stop-and-frisk are justified by, respectively:
The need for crime prevention and detection and the need to protect the officer.
The need to document reasonable suspicion and the need to establish probable cause for arrest.
The need to establish police presence as a crime deterrent and the need to preserve potential evidence from destruction.
The need to document reasonable suspicion and the need to preserve potential evidence from destruction.
Question 36
CASE 7.2
Detective Smith is a fourteen-year police veteran who has been working in internal affairs for the past four years. He was assigned to internal affairs to investigate allegations of police misconduct and corruption. While working as a police officer, he put himself through law school in the evenings and received his law license six years ago. Although he enjoyed being a road patrol officer, he feels it is more important to protect the citizens of the community against the few corrupt police officers who may exist on his police force.
Detective Smith learns that there are potentially two types of corrupt officers, including:
Meat eaters and grass eaters.
Grass eaters and candy eaters.
Candy eaters and meat eaters.
Beer drinkers and liquor drinkers.
Question 37
Which of the following sentiments is likely part of the popular police culture described in the text?
Detective work is glamorous.
Patrol work is the pits.
In order to win the war against crime, we must bend the rules.
All of the above are sentiments of police culture.
Question 38
An officer's initial contact with an individual is considered part of the informal criminal justice process.
True
False
Question 39
Mike walks in to a bank with a handgun. He approaches one of the tellers, flashes the gun, hands her a paper sack, and demands she fill the sack with money. By physically committing this act of robbery, Mike has satisfied which of the requirements for conviction?
Mens rea
Actusreus
Strict liability
Reckless endangerment
Question 40
A verbal threat is sufficient grounds for physical action that can be justifiable as self-defense.a
True
False
Question 41
The task force determines that the most common crimes being committed are robberies and burglaries in whichthe typical amount stolen from each home is approximately $10,000. The officers realize that they are dealing with professionals. At which level on the criminal justice wedding cake do these crimes fall?
Level I
Level II
Level III
Level IV
Question 42
Which of the following is true concerning criminal law and tort law?
In criminal law, the right of enforcement belongs to the state.
In tort law, the right of enforcement belongs to the state.
Tort law is a public offense.
In criminal law, the individual receives damages as compensation for harm done.
Question 43
The use of deadly force to apprehend an unarmed and nondangerous fleeing felon is a violation of the Fourth Amendment.
True
False
Question 44
Which of the following is false regarding the FBI?
It maintains liaison offices in other countries.
It is an investigative agency rather than a police agency.
It has jurisdiction over all federal and state laws.
It was under the direction of J. Edgar Hoover from 1924 until his death in 1972.
Question 45
The Metropolitan Police Act established the first organized police force in London.
True
False
Question 46
According to social control theorists, society produces criminals by stigmatizing certain individuals as deviant.
True
False
Question 47
Which type of case is often a source of frustration and futility for police officers, making them reluctant to respond?
Domestic violence cases
Drug deal cases
Kidnapping cases
Murder cases
Question 48
The nature and definition of due process remains unchanged across historical time periods.
True
False
Question 49
While on patrol, Jerry receives a call regarding a domestic disturbance-a fight between a husband and wife. By the time Jerry arrives at the scene of the disturbance, things have calmed considerably, and he decides to merely warn the parties rather than take any further action. Which type of discretionary factor is best represented in this circumstance?
Crime factor
Victim factor
Environmental factor
Departmental factor
Question 50
Stopping, questioning, or searching an individual without legal justification represents a serious violation of the Fourth Amendment
True
False