Problem
During embryonic development, Y chromosomes play a significant role in determining sex. The SRY genes (sex-determining region on the Y chromosome) cause bipotential gonads to develop into testes rather than ovaries. The Sertoli and Leydig cells begin secreting hormones during the development of the testes that further affect reproductive development. Among these hormones, testosterone is the most abundant, INSL3 (insulin-like peptide 3) is the second most abundant, and AMH/MIS (anti-Müllerian hormone) is the most abundant.
i. Hormones secreted: Which hormones are secreted by Sertoli cells and which hormones affect reproductive development during embryonic development?
ii. The effect of a hormonal deficiency on male reproductive development: Does lack of AMH/MIS affect sperm quality and quantity? Has this affected fertility in any way?
iii. Females also produce AMH, but it is not produced until they reach reproductive age. AMH is important for female reproduction for what reasons? When polycystic ovarian syndrome is present, how does AMH react?