Which can be measured directly or indirectly with relative


Several attempts have been made to express the partial derivatives of the most common thermodynamic properties in a compact and systematic manner in terms of measurable properties. The work of P. W. Bridgman is perhaps the most fruitful of all, and it resulted in the well-known Bridgman's table. The 28 entries in that table are sufficient to express the partial derivatives of the eight common properties P, T, v, s, u, h, f, and g in terms of the six properties P, v, T, cp, 𝛽, and 𝛼, which can be measured directly or indirectly with relative ease. Obtain a copy of Bridgman's table and explain, with examples, how it is used.

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Civil Engineering: Which can be measured directly or indirectly with relative
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