Assignment:
Part 1
1. Iguanodon was so named because its _____.
a. skull was like an iguana's
b. teeth were like an iguana's
c. limbs were like an iguana's
d. none of the above
2. The first North American dinosaurs were described by _____.
a. Richard Owen
b. Joseph Leidy
c. E. D. Cope
d. O. C. Marsh
3. The first partial skeleton of a dinosaur discovered in North America was found in _____.
a. New Jersey
b. Wyoming
c. Montana
d. Texas
4. The many dinosaur skeletons collected during the great dinosaur rush were primarily studied by _____.
a. Richard Owen
b. Gideon Mantell
c. Joseph Leidy
d. E. D. Cope and O. C. Marsh
5. John Bell Hatcher _____.
a. collected dinosaurs for O. C. Marsh
b. discovered Deinodon
c. worked for E. D. Cope
d. coined the word "heterotherm"
6. Two men, _____, collected more dinosaurs than anyone else in history.
a. E. D. Cope and O. C. Marsh
b. Richard Owen and Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins
c. Henry Fairfield Osborn and Charles R. Knight
d. Barnum Brown and Charles H. Sternberg
7. The dinosaur art of Zdenek Burian was heavily influenced by the art of _____.
a. Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins
b. Robert Bakker
c. Robert Fenchel
d. Charles R. Knight
8. There have been _____ distinct concepts of the dinosaurs during the 170 or so years that they have been studied scientifically.
a. three
b. five
c. two
d. six
9. True or False--Ideas about dinosaurs have changed dramatically since the 1820s.
10. True or False--The dinosaur renaissance has not been without its excesses.
Key Terms:
Directions: While you read you will need to define the following terms:
11. Dinosaur renaissance
12. Dinosauria
13. Gobi Desert
14. "Great dinosaur rush"
15. Polish-Mongolian Paleontological Expeditions
Short Answer Questions:
16. What were the first dinosaurs described in Europe? In North America? Who described them?
17. Who introduced the term "Dinosauria," and what does it mean?
18. What provided the basis for the Owen-Waterhouse dinosaur sculptures?
19. How did the "great dinosaur rush" influence scientific understanding of dinosaurs?
20. What was the early twentieth century scientific image of dinosaurs, and why did that image remain unchanged until the 1970s?
21. How did the two great dinosaur-collecting expeditions of the first half of the twentieth century contribute to our knowledge of dinosaurs?
22. What is the current concept of dinosaurs, and what is it based on?
Dinosaur anatomy and systematics- Part 2
Directions: For this lab you will need to print it out and WRITE your answers on this paper. You will then need to scan or take pictures of each page and submit to Dropbox on Pilot. You will also need to utilize your book and/or Google to help with labeling and drawing.
The Saurischians and Ornithischians.
Laboratory Objective: This laboratory will introduce the student to two very important reptile groups. These groups have been distinguished by various skeletal features. These two groups the Saurischian defined as lizard hips and the Ornithischian defined as bird hips. This identification is based on differences with the pelvic structure.
Laboratory discussion: The Diapsids archosaur reptiles are typed primarily by their skeletal structures that allowed for an upright posture. A debate has been ongoing for about 150 years and questions still remain. In Saurischia the three pelvic bones point in different directions from the acetabulum, or hip socket, which is similar to other reptiles and in Ornithischia the ischium and pubis are in parallel to each other similar to birds.
Laboratory Activities:
1) Draw a cladogram of the major groups of dinosaurs discussed within your textbook (Google might be helpful for this question!!). Label and identify each group and provide a brief description.
2) Draw label and describe the pelvic structure of the Saurischian group.
3) Draw label and identify the pelvic structure of the Ornithischian group.
4) The diapsid reptiles consist of two large groups. Name and describe these two groups.
5) How do the ankle structures of the archosaur provide an insight to their phylogenetic relationship?
6) Describe what features distinguish saurischians from Ornithischia dinosaurs.
7) Briefly summarize the where when and what of the origin of dinosaurs.
Part 3.
1. Unlike ornithopod footprints, theropod footprints have _____ impressions and lack _____ impressions.
a. claw, heel
b. toe, digit
c. claw, ankle
d. none of the above
2. The longer the relative stride, the faster the _____.
a. gait
b. dimensionless speed
c. pace
d. pace angle
3. Gizzard stones, found with fossils, are called _____.
a. gastromyths
b. gastroliths
c. coprolites
d. behemoths
4. Dinosaur coprolites are known that are as much as _____ centimeters long.
a. 2
b. 200
c. 500
d. 29
5.True or False--Dinosaur footprints are known from all the continents except Antarctica.
6. True or False--A dinosaur trackway is an obvious example of fossilized behavior.
7. True or False--Dinosaur footprints are given the same Latinized scientific names as are assigned to dinosaur body fossils.
8. True or False--We need to be careful to distinguish footprints from underprints when naming dinosaur footprints.
9.True or False--Supposed human footprints associated with dinosaur footprints are fakes.
Key Terms: While reading chapter 12, define the following terms:
10. Coprolite
11. Dimensionless speed
12. Egg
13. Extramorphological variation
14. Footprint (track)
15. Gastrolith
16. Gastromyth
17. Nest
18. Pace
19. Pace (or step) angle
20. Stride
21. Trackway
Short Answer
22. What are the principal types of dinosaur trace fossils?
23. What kinds of information can paleontologists obtain from dinosaur footprints?
24. How is the speed of a dinosaur estimated from a trackway?
25. Estimate the speed of a dinosaur with a stride length of 1 meter and a leg length of 1.2 meters.
26. Which dinosaurs laid eggs?
27. What types of information can paleontologists obtain from dinosaur eggs?
28. How are dinosaur gastroliths identified?
29. Why might some dinosaurs swallow stones?
30. Why is it difficult to interpret dinosaur coprolites?