Admission/Application Essay, Philosophy:
Project description
1-What was St. Augustine’s answer to the question, “What was God doing before he made the heavens and the earth?
A-he was obviously pondering whether to create the heavens or to create earth or to create both of them. B- he was contemplating the design of the heavens and the earth. C-since he rested on the seventh day, we can’t determine what he was doing the month before. D- at no time had God not made anything, because time itself God made.
2-What was St. Augustine’s answer to the question, “Why did God suddenly decide to do what he had never before done (create the heavens and the earth)?”
A-God is a jealous God and changes His opinions often. B-God was in a battle against the forces of darkness and evil; and having defeated them, He finally got time to plan the creation itself. C- since God is eternal, He made no new decision to create the heavens and the earth. D- God felt that time was flying by, and decided to retire, and wanted a change of venue.
3-What was David Hume’s chief objection to the argument from design?
A-“our ideas reach farther than our experience. Thus,we have great experience with divine attributes and operations.” B-“God’s perfections have great analogy and likeness to the perfections of a human creature.” C-“From observing the growth of a hair, we can learn everything about a man, and all things about God himself!”.D-“can a conclusion, with any propriety, be transferred from parts to the whole?”
4-Aenesidimus held that there is a pause between cause and effect. What did Mario Bunge call this kind of a pause?
A-principle of retarded action. B- princilpe of intelligent action. C-principle of duality.D-principle of Jefferson Hizh School.
5-What was David Hume’s opinion about the limitations of science, inductive reasoning (forming general “laws” from specific observations)?
A-though B always follows A in time, it is B that causes A, so therefore we have discovered the inverse law of causation. B- since B always follows A in time, we can only affirm that we have a temporal (time) connection but can’t affirm a causal connection. C- since B always follows A in time, it is A that causes B, so therefore we have discovered the natural law of causation. D- since B sometimes follows A in time, and A sometimes follows B in time, we can safely say A causes Band B causes A (reciprocally)
6-What does Arthur Schopenhauer say about the now, the “present”?
A-it arises from without rather than from within. B-it is the least fleeting of all moments.C-it is the sole form of reality.D- it leads us to doubt the indestructibility of our own being.
7-David Burne’s refutation of the argument against design uses which fallacy of reasoning to support his contentions?
A-ad hominem.B- appeal to pity.C-fallacy of composition.D-black of white fallacy.
8-The Platonic Forms are about: A-deities that dealt exclusively with fire and hadows.
B-beliefs about the deities in which offerings were sometimes rejected. C-universal types or kinds that somehow exist outside of space and time. D-the oracle at Delphi and riddles that could be solved by mathematical means.
9-Plato’s Theory of Forms are categorized as an instance of what kind of universal?
A-conceptualism. B- nominalism. C-realism.D-none of the above.
10-“And so they would believe that the shadows of the objects we mentioned were in all respects real,” is about the allegory of the cave in Plato’s Republic. What did Plato say would have happened should one of the prisoners escape, go up into the light, see the truth, and return to the cave?
A-on returning to the cave, he/she would be welcomed as a hero and savior by those who never left the cave since they would not believe anything that he/she said. B-on returning to the cave, he/she would be welcomed as a hero and savior by those who never left the cave, because he/she would function better in the dark than those who had stayed chained in the cave. C- on returning to the cave, he/she would not be welcomed as a hero and savior by those who never left the cave because he/she would function better in the dark than those who had stayed chained in the cave.
D- on returning to the cave, he/she would not be welcomed as a hero and savior by those who never left the cave, because he/she would no longer function in the dark as well as those who had stayed chained in the cave.