A rapid sand filter has a loading rate of 8.00 m/h, surface dimensions of 10 m x 8 m, an effective filtration rate of 7.70 m/h, and a production efficiency of 96 percent. A complete filter cycle duration is 52 h and the filter is rinsed for 20 minutes at the start of each cycle.
a) What flow rate (m 3/s) does the filter handle during production?
b) What volume of water is needed for backwashing plus rising the filter in each filter
cycle?