The following correlation matrix represents relationships among variables within a hypothetical study of academic achievement among nursing students enrolled in a BSN nursing program. These fictitious data were obtained from school records. For each variable, a higher score indicates more of the attribute.
|
Variables
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
|
1. Age
|
1.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. Performance anxiety
|
.30
|
1.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. SAT-Math
|
-.24
|
-.39
|
1.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. SAT- Reading
|
-.14
|
-.17
|
.53
|
1.0
|
|
|
|
|
5. GPA
|
-.26
|
-.52
|
.44
|
.61
|
1.0
|
|
|
|
6. Critical Thinking Score
|
.45
|
-.10
|
-.26
|
-.18
|
-.32
|
1.0
|
|
|
7. Completed credits
|
-.18
|
.36
|
.25
|
.48
|
.53
|
-.35
|
1.0
|
N= 890
Based on the correlation table above please answer questions 1-5:
1. What is the value of the Pearson r for the relationship between performance anxiety and SAT-Math?
a. .30
b. -.39
c. -.24
2. Which variable has the strongest relationship with performance anxiety?
a. SAT-Math
b. Critical Thinking
c. GPA
d. Completed credits
3. What two variables have the strongest relationship in this matrix?
a. GPA and SAT Reading
b. SAT Reading and SAT Math
c. Completed Credits and GPA
d. Critical Thinking and Age
4. The Pearson r for the relationship between Age and GPA indicates that those who are older tend to have:
a. A lower GPA
b. A higher GPA
5. The Pearson r of -.52 for the relationship between performance anxiety and GPS provesthat having a lower GPA causes more performance anxiety.
a. True
b. False
A T-test was used to determine if there was a significant difference in mean scores of male and female primary caregivers of an elderly parent. Perceptions of personal burden were measured using 20 items on a five point Likert-type scale.
Perception of the Personal Burden Scores- t-Test Results
|
|
N
|
MEAN
|
Std Dev
|
T
|
df
|
p
|
|
Males
|
154
|
34.02
|
4.91
|
1.62
|
434
|
0.105
|
|
Females
|
225
|
33.17
|
5.71
|
|
|
|
Levene's Test = .058
Using the T-Test table above please answer questions 6-10.
6. Which answer is correct?
a. This is an independent T-test because it compares the mean scores of two different groups (males and females).
b. This is a dependent- T-test because it compared the mean scores of two different groups (male and females).
7. Which statements regarding the assumption for the Levene test is/are correct?
a. The assumption for the Levene Test has been met because the value is greater than .05 and indicates that there is no statistical significant difference between the variances of the two groups.
b. Having met this assumption we can look at the results of the T-test to determine if there is a statistically significant difference in perception of burden between males and females.
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A or B
8. What is the sample size in the T-test table?
a. 154
b. 379
c. 225
9. What conclusion can be made based on the results from the T-test table?
a. There is a significant difference in mean perception of personal burden scores between male and female caregivers.
b. There is not a significant difference in mean perception of personal burden scores between male and female caregivers.
c. Male caregivers reported a statistically significant higher perception of personal burden scores as compared to female caregivers.
d. Female caregivers reported a statistically significant lower perception of personal burden as compared to male caregivers.
10. Which statement is accurate?
a. A type I error occurs when the researcher accepts the null hypothesis when the research hypothesis is true.
b. A Type II error occurs when the researcher rejects the null hypothesis when the research hypothesis is false.
c. A correct decision is made when a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when the research hypothesis is true.