Problem: A quasi-experimental controlled study of a school-based mental health program to improve the self-esteem of primary school children
Miyuki Iwahori, Chiaki Oshiyama & Hideo Matsuzaki
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications volume 9, Article number: 148 (2022)
Children's mental health problems are associated with low self-esteem. Harter has proposed that recognizing competence in personal importance and social support would improve students' self-esteem. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has examined Harter's theory for primary school children. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of the Treasure File Program (a mental health improvement program) for improving primary school children's self-esteem. The program's effectiveness was evaluated regarding the students' self-esteem, physical well-being, emotional well-being, family relationships, friendships, and school performance. A total of 794 primary school students (aged 7-11 years) in the intervention group and 592 in the control group were recruited. The intervention group participants received the full program, while the control group participants received the regular school curriculum. The intervention group indicated significant improvement in the self-esteem domain compared to the control group. However, no intervention effects were observed on physical well-being, emotional well-being, family, friends, and school. These findings indicate that this program is effective in improving self-esteem in primary school students. Given the importance of self-esteem in children's mental health, this program may be helpful as an educational program option to address mental health problems in primary school children.
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What is the definition of a dependent variable according to the book? What is the dependent variable in this study?
What is the definition of a control group according to the book? Who is the control group in this study?
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Was the hypothesis supported? Explain.