Short Answer
1) A) Graph metabolic rate versus speed during running. Be sure to label your axes as specifically as possible.
B) On the graph from part A, label the cost of transport.
C) Assuming VO2max is 15 L/min and resting metabolic rate is 0.75 L/min, calculate the aerobic scope.
D) At what point can you no longer use oxygen consumption as an accurate predictor of metabolic rate? Why?
E) Would the net cost of transport be greater in a child or an adult during running?
2) When the Southwest Airlines flight lost cabin pressure due to rupture in the fuselage, the pilot had to descend the plane from 36,000 (Patm =13 mmHg) feet down to 11,000 feet (Patm=220 mmHg). Calculate the partial pressure of oxygen at each altitude. Using that information, explain why this decrease in altitude is necessary in terms of diffusion at the level of the alveoli.
3) A) What two organ systems regulate blood pressure?
B) Will the following conditions increase or decrease blood pressure?
a) Increase in sympathetic stimulation to the heart.
b) Increase in carbon dioxide concentration in skeletal muscle.
c) Decrease in ADH production.
d) Increase in ANP production.
e) Increase in the firing rate of carotid and aortic baroreceptors.
f) Decrease in plasma aldosterone.
C) Diagram the response of the renin-angiotensin system under conditions of low blood pressure in the renal blood vessels. Include all hormones and effects produced and the ultimate effect on GFR.
4) List the effects of the following hormones on males and on females in the table below.
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Hormone
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Effect on Males
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Effect on Females
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Relaxin
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LH
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Inhibin
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GnRh
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FSH
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5) Graph the levels of gonadotropin hormones on the upper graph below and the levels of ovarian hormones on the lower graph below as the ovarian cycle progresses. Add to this figure a graph depicting the thickness of the endometrium. Label the phases of the menstrual cycle on the graph and indicate where ovulation occurs.
