Problem:
Chapter 10: Emotion Summarize what Skinner says about the role of muscles in the expression of emotion, and the extent to which it has been proven that specific emotions are related to distinct and particular patterns of responses of glands and smooth muscles. Explain the issue of "predisposition" as it relates to emotion. Summarize Skinner's discussion of how different responses may occur together when "exhibiting" an emotion. Does Skinner say that emotions are causes? Explain how he justifies his answer. Summarize Skinner's discussion of how we can use emotional behaviors in real life. Need Assignment Help?
Chapter 11: Aversion, Avoidance, Anxiety How do we know if a stimulus can be considered aversive? Give at least two examples from this chapter on the practical uses of aversive stimuli. How did Skinner define "escape"? How does Skinner explain how avoidance behavior can be established if the organism never comes into contact with the punishing stimuli? Summarize Skinner's description of anxiety; include in your answer how he conceptualizes its 'cause,' the behaviors that comprise anxiety, and its relation to avoidance.
Chapter 12: Punishment Describe the long-term effect of punishment; that is, is a behavior suppressed by punishment permanently suppressed even when the punishment procedure terminates? Describe the two possible "procedures" that can be considered punitive. What is the first effect of punishment, and how does it work? Summarize what Skinner says about the conditioned physical