Assignment: Confidentiality and Air Force One
Dr. Paul Griner, Professor Emeritus of Medicine at the University of Rochester, presents the second in a series of case studies for the IHI Open School.
Physicians at Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland pulled MOD (medical officer of the day) about once a month. It was a 24-hour shift. During the day, instead of seeing his or her own scheduled patients, the MOD cared for walk-ins. Then, from 5 PM to 8 AM the next morning, the MOD saw all adult patients in the emergency room.
One morning near the end of my MOD shift, a senior non-commissioned officer presented with complaints of abdominal pain. He was the crew chief for Air Force One, the plane that carried the President of the United States. As I prepared to examine the patient, I detected alcohol on his breath. The abdominal examination showed that he had an enlarged, slightly tender liver. He also had a few "spiders" on his face and upper chest, red lines radiating out a few millimeters from a small red dot.
I told the patient that his abdominal pain was due to an enlarged liver. I commented about the odor of alcohol on his breath. I indicated that the two were almost certainly connected and that continued drinking would be a risk to his life. I suggested that he seek help through Alcoholics Anonymous. He immediately denied the problem and would entertain no further discussion of the issue.
The patient was not sufficiently ill to warrant removing him from flying status on medical grounds. Yet, he was in a position that called for alertness and good judgment.
I was faced with a difficult choice.
Physicians are expected to maintain the confidentiality of their patient findings; if I shared my findings with his superior, I would be breaching that confidentiality.
Task
1) Would you attempt to continue the conversation with the patient? Why or why not?
2) How would you handle this situation? Would you inform the pilot's superior? Would discussing the problem with his wife be a first consideration?
3) What if the patient had been a commercial airline pilot? Would you contact the pilot's employer?
4) What right do patients have to confidentiality with their caregivers?
5) Can you think of any situations where you would breach a patient's confidentiality?
6) Think back to your own experiences. Have you had a similar experience with patient confidentiality? What was the result?
Commentary from Dr. Griner:
After much thought, I elected to inform the patient's commander of my findings and offered suggestions for treatment. My reasons for breaching confidentiality were two-fold:
1) First, I considered him a risk to the safety of the President and anyone else aboard Air Force One.
2) Second, I expected that by informing his superior, the patient would be forced to either address his alcoholism or face removal from the service.
The patient was immediately removed from flight status and offered the option of treatment for alcoholism or discharge from the Air Force. He opted for treatment. I never knew whether he succeeded in becoming sober.
Leonard Fleck, trained in moral philosophy, suggests that the only circumstance where confidentiality may be breached is when there is an (i) imminent threat of serious and irreversible harm, (ii) no alternative to averting that threat other than this breach of confidentiality, and (iii) proportionality between the harm averted by this breach of confidentiality and the harm associated with such a breach.
Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements:
(1) The answer should be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides.
(2) The response also includes a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student's name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length.
(3) Also include a reference page. The Citations and references should follow APA format. The reference page is not included in the required page length.
Reference: Fleck, L. (1991). Please don't tell. Hastings Center Report, 21, 39-40.