Response to the following :
What qualities characterized the "New Monarchies" and what are some of the best examples of such princely states?
The Renaissance in 15th century resulted in the rise of new monarchies in Europe. Their rule was hereditary in nature, but they cared for the aspirations of the people. The new monarchs created a strong central government with the help of large standing army. There was centralized system of taxation and tariffs. Laws were enacted according to their wish and they controlled many aspects of religion. The rise of these new monarchs was a great blow to the church and nobles, but the middle class supported them. There was perfect law and order during their period. In order to get the support of the middle class, the local tariffs were reduced. The rulers fostered domestic and international trade. The stability of these governments led to colonization in the 16th century and led to further development of trade. Some of the rulers of the new monarchies were Charles, the VII of France, Louis XI of France, Henry, the VII of England, Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon etc.