Fill in the blank:
1 The great circle passing through the south point on the horizon, the zenith, and the north point on the horizon is called the _______ _______ _______ .
2 What object in the sky do astronomers use to define apparent solar time?
3 Which point in the sky do astronomers use to define sidereal time?
4 An hour circle on the celestial sphere is exactly like a(n) __________ on the surface of the Earth.
5 If two locations on the surface of the Earth have the same local times, they can be said to have the same __________.
6 If the Sun and a star cross your local celestial meridian at exactly noon today, which object will appear to cross your local celestial meridian first at exactly noon tomorrow?
7 How much earlier will the transit take place tomorrow in 6?
8 Do the constellations (stars) appear to shift east or west each day as the seasons go by?
9 How much do the stars in 8 appear to shift each day?
10 Why do the stars in 8 appear to shift?
11 Because the Earth is curved, would an observer on the eastern edge of the Eastern Standard Time zone see an object appear to rise before or after an observer at the 75th longitude circle?
12 Similarly, does an observer on the western edge of the Eastern Standard Time zone see an object appear to rise before or after an observer at the 75th longitude circle? Although objects appear to rise or set at approximately the same local solar time for each observer, their watch times will differ for each observer at these different locations.
13 The hour angle of the apparent Sun is defined as __________ time.
14 The hour angle of the vernal equinox is defined as __________ time.