1. Question: Why did many European countries abandon free-trade policies in the late nineteenth century?
A. As socialist and communist governments came to power across Europe, they rejected all liberal and capitalist economic ideas, which centered around free trade
B. In an era of increasing national competition, governments saw free trade as a hindrance to the growth of nationalist sentiment among their citizens
C. Free trade caused huge trade deficits that slowed job growth and increased social unrest, so governments had broad popular support to tax imports and prevent outside competition
D. Amid the rush to extract resources from their new overseas territories, European governments and economists saw free-trade policies within Europe as obsolete
2. Question: What new organizations were established by educated reformers in the nineteenth century in an effort to understand and alleviate working-class poverty?
A. University Study Groups
B. Settlement House
C. Workhouse reform boards
D. artisan cooperatives
3. Question: In 1830, France invaded and established political control over Algeria and
A. Tahiti
B. Micronesia
C. Guyana
D. Guyana
4. Question: What issue took precedence over social reform and constitutional changes in the German states in 1848?
A. Ongoing debates about religious tolerance
B. The threat of Russian invasion after its annexation of Poland
C. The legal status of ethnic minorities in German-speaking lands
D. The goal of German unification
5. Question: Why is the term modernity often applied to the period around the turn of the twentieth century?
A. It outlines the ways in which almost all aspects of European life saw a rejection of past methods, morals, and manners
B. It encompasses both the fruits of industrialization and the general acceptance that liberal capitalism was the best method for bringing about social happiness
C. It describes the total abandonment of conventional social behavior in Europe as characterized by extremely lax sexual mores and anarchical economics
D. It captures the accelerated pace of life, urbanization, mass politics, and artistic responses to all these changes
6. Question: How did British religious reformers attempt to combat religious indifference among the working classes?
A. They pressured Parliament to pass laws requiring church attendance
B. They banned popular recreations on Sundays
C. They established Sunday schools for poor children
D. They created factory-based Bible study groups.