Assignment:
Question:
1) A man wants to build a rectangular enclosure for his herd. He only has $900 to spend on the fence and wants the largest size for his money. He plans to build the pen along the river on his property, so he does not have to put a fence on that side. The side of the fence parallel to the fence will cost $5 per foot to build, whereas the sides perpendicular to the river will cost $3 per foot. What dimensions should he choose?
2) Parallel plates are 5 mm apart and 2 m2 in area (you can roll the plates into a cylindrical geometry to make them more compact). A potential difference of 10 kV is applied across the capacitor.
a) Find the capacitance of this parallel-plate capacitor.
b) Find the charge stored in this capacitor.
c) What is the electric field in the space between the two plates?
3) Copper wire has a diameter of 1.02 mm. It carries a current of 1.67 A to a 200 W bulb. The density of free electrons is 8.5x1028 electrons per cubic meter.
Find a) the current density and b) the drift velocity.
4) A proton moves at a speed of 1000 m/s in a direction perpendicular to a magnetic field with a magnitude of 0.75 T. What is the magnitude of the magnetic force on the proton?
5) Some uranium (atomic number 92) ions (charge +3e) of various isotopes are separated based on their mass. They enter a 0.00002 T uniform magnetic field with a velocity of 105 m/s. What radius of circular motion would uranium-235 have? The isotope mass is approximately 235 u, where u = 1.66 x 10-27 kg.
6) Two protons move past each other. What are the forces on the top proton as they pass? What is the ratio between electric and magnetic forces?
7) The greatest recorded thickness of ice is 4.78 km. It was measured in Antarctica by using the reflectionof radio waves. If the radio waves enters the ice with an angle of incidence of 33 degrees, reflects from the bottom of the ice, and reemerges 4.4 km away, what is the index of refraction for the ice? What would the distance between the entry and exit points be if the radio waves entered the ice
from a very thin layer of water that lay over the ice?
8) Imagine a soap film (air-soapy water-air) of 1 m thickness, and refractive index of 1.5 with white light normal to the film. Which wavelengths in the optical range (400 nm to 700 nm) will appear brightest?
9) A thin rod extends along the z-axis from z = -d to z = d. The rod carries a charge Q uniformly distributed along its length 2d with linear charge density λ = Q / 2d. Find the electric potential at a point z > d along the z-axis. Indicate clearly where you have chosen your zero reference point for your potential.
Use the result that E = - ∇V to find the electric field at a point z > d along the z-axis.
Can you obtain an expression for the electric potential or electric field when z < d?
10) A thin washer of outer radius b and inner radius a has a uniform negative surface charge density on the washer (note that σ > 0 ).
a) If we set V (∞) = 0 , what is the electric potential difference between a point at the center of the washer and infinity, V (0) - V (∞) ?
b) An electron of mass m and charge q = -e is released with an initial speed vo from the center of the hole (at the origin) in the upward direction (along the perpendicular axis to the washer) experiencing no forces except repulsion by the charges on the washer. What speed does it ultimately obtain when it is very far away from the washer (i.e. at infinity)
c) If a positron of charge +e was released a small distance from the center of the hole, along the perpendicular axis to the washer, what might be its fate?
11) An electron is initially accelerated between two plates, with a voltage difference of 300 V between them. It then passes through a hole in a screen into a region where there is a uniform electric field of 900 N/C. If the velocity of the electron is in the same direction as this field, then how far will the electron move before it reverses its direction? What was the maximum speed attained by the electron?
12) Convert a kilowatt hour (kWh) into electron volts (eV).
13) A circular wire loop of 10 turns exists in a plane and has a radius of 1 cm. This wire loop is placed in a solenoid such that the plane of the loop is at 60o to the axis of the solenoid. The solenoid has 100 turns per meter, a radius of 2 cm and a current which varies from 2 A to 1 A in 1 s. Find the emf in the wire loop.
14) A helicopter blade spins at a constant rate of 5.0 revolutions per second about a pivot through one end of the blade. This rotation occurs in a region where the component of the earth's magnetic field perpendicular to the blade is 30 μT. If the blade is 60 cm in length, what is the magnitude of the potential difference between its ends?
15) A 633 nm laser is shined on a single slit and a screen is placed on the other side of the slit, a distance of 6m from the slit. If the distance between the dark fringes either side of the central bright fringe (between m = 1 and m = -1) is 32 mm,
then what is the width of the slit?
16) In a Young's double slit experiment, you observe a series of bright and dark fringes, the bright fringe to the left of the central bright fringe is 1 cm away from the central bright fringe. The laser used in the experiment is 600 nm. You repeat the experiment with a second laser of wavelength 500 nm, and observe the bright fringe to the left of the central bright fringe to be 0.9 cm away from the central bright fringe.
What is the distance between the two slits in this experiment?
17) Imagine a soap film (n = 1.3) in air ( n = 1) of thickness 1 m. For light incident at 30o to the tangent of the film, which wavelengths will appear most bright (optical range is 400nm to 700nm)? Bumblebees see into the ultraviolet. Which wavelengths of light might appear bright to them which we cannot see?
18) You are spin coating a layer of polymer onto a silicon disk. You want the thickness of the layer to be a micron but have no way of directly measuring it. Looking at the film at an angle of 45 o, what colors might you expect to see the most pronounced and which colors would be absent at the required thickness? The refractive index of the polymer is 1.2 and the silicon wafer is perfectly reflecting.
19) A hollow cylinder of radius R and length l has a total charge Q uniformly distributed over its surface. The axis of the cylinder coincides with the z axis, and the cylinder is centered at the origin.
Obtain an expression for the electric potential as a function of z.
Sketch a graph of the electric potential as a function of distance z, for -2l < z < 2l.
20) Dowsing is a form of divination used to locate hidden water wells, buried metals, gemstones, or other objects. A scientific explanation was proposed for this phenomena claiming that moving ones arm in the earths magnetic field could induce an emf along the arm of the dowser and cause muscles to twitch and the dowsing rod to move. The earths magnetic field could be slightly higher over water or other conducting materials, causing muscles to twitch over these objects (almost like a human metal detector).
Use your knowledge of electricity and magnetism to theoretically investigate this phenomena. Useful information for this question will include the action potential (voltage) required for muscle contraction which is 10 mV and the earths magnetic field (in Pittsburgh) is 55 T. Are you able to generate this potential in your arms by moving them in the earth's magnetic field?
21) An electron enters a uniform magnetic field, of magnitude 0.23 T, traveling at an angle of 45o with respect to the direction of the magnetic field. Determine the radius and pitch of the helical path if its speed is 3x106 m s-1
Imagine changing this question. What if instead of being given the angle and velocity, you were given the radius and pitch of the helical path. Could you work backwards to calculate the angle and velocity?
22) Mr Magoo is extremely near sighted and can only see objects 15 cm from his eye. What is the focal length of the glasses he will require?
23) A friend requires reading glasses. You determine that she can see quite clearly objects at a distance of 80 cm from her eyes. If she would like to read a book held 20 cm from her eyes, what focal length glasses would she require?
24) According to a recent Clean Air Task Force's report, titled "The Toll from Coal, " pollution from the Bruce Mansfield power plant causes 69 deaths a year. There are 171 673 people residing in Beaver County, where the Bruce Mansfield plant is located.
Is the risk of getting cancer by living near the Fukushima plant worse than the risks from air pollution from living in Pittsburgh?
How much time would you have to spend near the Fukushima plant to have the same excess chance of developing cancer, as the chance of dying from Bruce Mansfield's pollution?
25) Consider the system shown. A uniformly charged sphere has a spherical cavity removed from it. Find the electric field inside the cavity.
26) A circular loop of wire has a radius of 24 cm and a resistance of 5.2 ohms. It is initially in a 0.6 T magnetic field, with it's plane perpendicular to the magnetic field, but it is removed from the field in 50.0 ms. Calculate the electric energy dissipated in this process.
27) Superconductivity was discovered on April 8, 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, who was studying the resistance of solid mercury at cryogenic temperatures using the recently-produced liquid helium as a refrigerant. In an experiment carried out by S. C. Collins between 1955 and 1958, a current was maintained in a superconducting lead ring for 2.50 yr with no observed loss. If the inductance of the ring was 3.14 10-8 H and the sensitivity of the experiment was 1 part in 109, what was the maximum resistance of the ring?
28) Assuming that the index of refraction of water is 4/3 and that raindrops are spherical, show that the location of a rainbow is approximately 42o above the line from the sun to you.
29) In the circuit shown, calculate the current through the resistive load (the 100 Ohms resistor).
What is the voltage difference between the two circles, across the 40 Ohm resistor?
30) Graphene consists of a 2D network of carbon atoms just one atom thick. This simple network of atoms results in remarkable physical properties: graphene has higher strength, better thermal conductivity, and greater intrinsic mobility than any other material known. These properties translate into huge technological potential, for example, in transparent electrodes for flatscreen TVs, in fast, energy-efficient transistors, and in ultrastrong composite materials. Hence an enormous global effort is focused on understanding and controlling graphene's properties with the aim of tailoring them for specific applications.
Imagine the atoms are charged with a charge q, calculate the electric field in the center of a hexagonal unit. Clearly state any assumptions made.
Calculate an expression for the electric potential energy of 6 equally charged particles distributed on the vertices of a hexagon.
