The basic rules of genetics were discovered in mid- 1800s by Mendel, who found that each characteristic of a pea plant, such as whether the seeds were green or yellow, is determined by two genes, one from each parent. Each gene is either dominant d or recessive r. Mendel's experiment is to select a plant and observe whether the genes are both dominant d, both recessive r, or one of each (hybrid) h. In his pea plants, Mendel found that yellow seeds were a dominant trait over green seeds. A yy pea with two yellow genes has yellow seeds; a gg pea with two recessive genes has green seeds; a hybrid gy or yg pea has yellow seeds. In one of Mendel's experiments, he started with a parental generation in which half the pea plants were yy and half the plants were gg. The two groups were crossbred so that each pea plant in the first generation was gy. In the second generation, each pea plant was equally likely to inherit a y or a g gene from each first generation parent. What is the probability P[Y] that a randomly chosen pea plant in the second generation has yellow seeds?