Problem
Clinical Case I
IMMUNITY AND INFECTION
Antibiotic Overkill
This clinical case discusses the secondary symptoms that arise after a young woman begins a course of antibiotics to treat a UTI (Urinary Tract Infection). After several days of taking antibiotics the patient initially notices mild secondary symptoms that rapidly begin to worsen and make her feel embarrassed and uncomfortable. Despite her constant brushing and mouth washing, she developed a while film coating her tongue, oral odor and bad taste. Simultaneously, the patient describes excess vaginal discharge that has a consistency of white cheese and annoying vaginal itching. She recognizes that these new symptoms are not in relation to her initial diagnosis and revisits her physician.
A. What is the name of oral condition?
B. What is the name of vaginal Condition?
C. Is the same cause and microorganism for both oral and vaginal? What is the name of microorganism, and is it unicellular or multicellular?
D. Does the antibiotic use cause the secondary problem? What is the mechanism?
E. This pathology is common in pregnant women? Why?
F. Which other categories of patients are prone to this group of infections?
G. How this could be prevented in the first place?
Clinical Case II
HIV AND AIDS
Susan, 35 years old, was diagnosed with HIV eight years ago during a pre-operative work-up prior to some elective cosmetic surgery. Susan was admitted to the hospital after she developed a number of respiratory symptoms, including a productive cough with blood-flecked sputum.
A. What type of virus is HIV?
B. How is a diagnosis of HIV-positive usually determined?
C. How is HIV transmitted?
D. What is the usual incubation period for HIV?
E. The term seroconversion is often used in reference to HIV and AIDS. What does seroconversion mean?
F. Which cells are selectively targeted by HIV?
G. Which of the following manifestations typically occur with the initial HIV infection?
H. What typically occurs in the period between a diagnosis of HIV infection and full-blown AIDS?
I. What organism would be suspected as the causative agent for these symptoms?