Problem
Alcohol has multiple effects on neurons. It alters neuron membranes, ion channels, enzymes, and receptors. One result is its direct binding to receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. When GABA attaches to its receptor on the postsynaptic membrane, it opens the Cl- channel, which allows Cl- ions to pass into the neuron.
Task
A. When alcohol is also bound to this receptor, the Cl- channels stay open longer. Due to this mechanism, what effect will alcohol have on CNS neurons with GABA receptors?
B. What impact will this alcohol binding to GABA receptors have on an organism?
C. Will the concentration of NT in the synapse increase, decrease, or stay the same?
D. What is the initial or immediate consequence to a human or other mammal? Answer at the level of the organism.
E. How and why might this drug or chemical be used therapeutically to treat patients or for individuals to self-medicate?