1.Which of the following statements about the mean is not always correct?
a) The sum of the deviations from the mean is zero
b) Half of the observations are on either side of the mean
c) The mean is a measure of the middle (centre) of a distribution
d) The value of the mean times the number of the observations equals the sum of all of the observations
2.In a probability distribution, the proportion of the total area which must be to the left of the median is:
a) Exactly 0.50
b) Less than 0.50 if the distribution is skewed to the left
c) More than 0.50 if the distribution is skewed to the left
d) Between 0.25 and 0.60 if the distribution is symmetric and unimodal
3.In a large class in statistics, the final examination grades have a mean of 67.4 and a standard deviation of 12. Assuming that the distribution of these grades is normal, find the following quantities. (You need to use a normal table or Excel in this exercise. See instructions on next page.)
a) the percentage of grades that should exceed 85;
b) the percentage of grades that is less than 45;
c) the number of passes (pass mark is 50) in a class of 180;
d) the lowest distinction mark if the highest 8% of grades are to be regarded as distinctions.
4.An experiment involves selecting a random sample of 256 middle managers for study. One item of interest is annual income. The sample mean is computed to be £35,420, and the sample standard deviation is £2,050.
a) What is the estimated mean income of all middle managers (the population)?
b) Give a 95 percent confidence interval (rounded to the nearest £10) for your estimate of the mean income. Do you have to make any assumptions?
c) Interpret the meaning of the confidence interva
5.Please discuss or write down the answers to the following questions.
a) If you collect 4 times more data, how much narrower will your confidence interval (CI) be? Same question for collecting 100 times more data.
b) Assume you work for a manager who says one day "I got the budget to collect twice as much data; that's great because our estimates will be twice as precise." Is anything wrong with his statement?
c) Your manager says "Let's just calculate our CIs with 90% coverage probability instead of 95%; this will make the CIs narrower." Is she right or wrong? Your manager adds: "We get better precision this way." What is the manager's misconception?
6.The processing times for a particular product follow a normal distribution with an assumed mean of 40 minutes, and a standard deviation of 5 minutes. Suppose we want to test that the process is under control using a 5% significance test of an observed sample mean.
A sample of 100 units yields an average processing time of 41.2 minutes.
a) Is the machine producing at its expected speed? (test at 5% significance level)
b) Is the assumption that the processing times follow a normal distribution necessary?