Problem:
The population (P), intervention (I), comparison (C), outcome (O), and time (T), or PICOT, format was used to prepare the following clinical question that guided the literature search: In pediatric patients undergoing non-emergent venipuncture (P), what is the effect of using the J-Tip (I) compared to using EMLA (C) on procedural pain ratings (O) within 3 months (T)? To identify relevant studies, a literature search was conducted from October to November 2013 using the following databases: Medline (PubMed) and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). A combination of key words; synonyms; acronyms or abbreviations; and medical subject headings (MeSH) extracted