Assignment task:
TEXTBOOK: Administrative Law: Principles and Advocacy 4th ed. by Liz Nastasi, Deborah Pressman & John Swaigen
Q1. What is the relationship between bias and conflict of interest?
Q2. What is the difference between an actual bias and a reasonable apprehension of bias?
Q3. Explain the difference between individual bias and institutional bias.
Q4. What is the difference between impartiality and independence? What might an agency's independence indicate about its members' impartiality, and vice versa? What else might the degree of independence indicate?
Q5. What factors will a court consider in determining whether an agency is independent?
Q6. What factors will a court consider in determining whether a lack of independence makes an agency institutionally biased?
Q7. What are some circumstances that might lead a reasonable and well-informed observer to assume that a decision-maker is biased?
Q8. When is the appropriate time to raise an allegation of bias, and what procedure should be followed?
Q9. What steps should an adjudicator take if a question of bias or conflict of interest arises
a. before a hearing begins?
b. during a hearing?