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What influence childrens global self-esteem


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Factors in their social environments at home and at school influence children's global self-esteem. Family influences Stanley Coopersmith (1967) found that when parents were accepting, affectionate, and involved with their children, set clear and consistent rules, used noncoercive disciplinary tactics, and considered the child's views in family decisions, their children had higher self-esteem in middle childhood and adolescence than children whose parents lacked these virtues. Later, investigators have found that adolescent girls whose mothers were more affectionate had higher self-esteem and adolescent boys whose mothers were more psychologically controlling, intrusive, and manipulative had lower self-esteem (Ojanen & Perry, 2007). Similarly adolescents whose parents were authoritative-affectionate but firm-had higher self-esteem than adolescents whose parents were authoritarian-controlling and punitive (Lamborn et al., 1991). Adolescents of supportive fathers reported higher self-esteem (Behnke et al., 2011). Children with abusive parents also have lower self-esteem than children with nonabductive parents (Cicchetti & Toth, 2015). Parents' approval seems to be particularly important for fostering self-perceptions in the domains of scholastic competence and good conduct (Harter, 2012). Need Assignment Help?

 

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