QUESTION 1- What were the forces of "god, gold, and glory" in the European colonization of the New World?
QUESTION 2- What happened to most of the wealth Spain received from the New World?
-It was invested in armies to defend Catholicism
-It went to China in trade
-It went straight to the King of Spain
-It went to the Pope in Rome
QUESTION 3- What was the document written by Martin Luther that helped launch the Protestant Reformation?
-The Fourteen Points
-The Ten Commandments
-The Ninety-Five Theses
-The Five Pillars
QUESTION 4- What were some of the similarities between all ancient religions in Egypt, Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and China?
QUESTION 5- What was the Renaissance idea of "Humanism"?
-The idea that people were designed to control the planet and all things must serve the interests of humanity and its progress.
-The idea that every individual has value and dignity; people should primarily serve each other rather than god alone.
-The idea that, through education and religion, a person could become perfect.
-The idea that all people of a single culture should rule themselves without outside interference.
QUESTION 6- How did the Maya of the Yucatan Peninsula in modern Mexico resemble both the ancient Greeks and the ancient Chinese?
-Their empire was brought down by ecological disasters in the same way that the ancient Greek and Chinese empires fell.
-They had a ruling dynasty like the Chinese but were accomplished philosophers engaging in nearly scientific study like the Greeks.
-They had a city-state government like the Greeks that ensured constant internal warfare like the Chinese.
-They had a ruling dynasty system like the Chinese and a city-state government like the Greeks but, like both, they had a single cultural identity.
QUESTION 7- How did the Roman Empire try to ensure that its population remained peaceful and did not revolt?
QUESTION 8- What was the difference between the Muslim and the Mongol contribution to the Renaissance?
-The Muslims brought forth new information and discoveries; the Mongols made existing information from other cultures available to a wider world.
-The Muslims worked with scholars from all over the conquered lands; the Mongols caused scholars to flee.
-The Muslims created several new branches of knowledge; the Mongols were only concerned with warfare
-The Muslims were only influenced by the Greeks and Romans; the Mongols were only influenced by India and China.
QUESTION 9- What made the Gupta Empire in India pioneers of modern business?
-Contact with Rome and China encouraged the Gupta Empire to build the "silk road" so it could tax goods moving from east to west and vice versa.
-The Hindu and Buddhist religions placed a heavy emphasis on trade and wealth
-They created the best number systems to handle large amounts; were located between major trading powers; invented interest bearing banking systems; and had trade guilds for quality control of products and trade regulations.
-The Gupta Empire was the first to create a national bank with a unified currency to ensure that all trade would come through India and be converted into coins recognized in both Rome and China
QUESTION 10- What are some things that eastern religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, and Daoism) and philosophies (Confucianism) have in common?
QUESTION 11- We have called Western cultures "Individualistic." What does this mean?
-A culture that is isolated from the outside world and attacks other cultures to make the nation more secure.
-A culture that stresses the good of the individual over those of a group; personal power and society are split.
-A culture that deemphasizes family, religion, or political rule; each person must fend for themselves in their own way.
-A culture that is concerned with exploiting the resources of the world and other, rival, societies.
QUESTION 12- What was the "Neolithic Revolution"?
-The process of people shifting from nomadic hunter/gatherer societies into fixed communities based on farming and raising livestock.
-The process of people moving from the use of flint tools to the creation of iron and bronze for tools
-The process of humans slowly making the Neanderthal extinct as a way to remove competition for food and places to live.
-The process of humans beginning to move from only living on the land to the construction of boats to use for fishing and to settle remote islands.
QUESTION 13- What were some of the effects of the European arrival and colonization of the New World on native peoples in Africa and the Americas?
QUESTION 14- Why could European nations able to colonize the New World in the 1500s onward but could not support colonies founded in the 1000s by Vikings?
-The Native Americans were much stronger in the 1000s and able to better defend themselves than they were by 1500.
-The Vikings had no economic or political reasons to invest as much in their colonies as Europeans did by 1500.
-By the 1500s, Europeans had advanced navigation and shipbuilding techniques that had not been discovered by the Vikings
-The Vikings did not take slaves in the 1000s, as the later European nations did, and slavery was necessary for successful colonies.
QUESTION 15- Why was the Protestant Reformation successful during the 1500s and onward when other movements earlier were not?
-The printing press allowed for ideas to get to large numbers of increasingly literate people
-The Catholic Pope had the military strength to always put down rebellions before 1500, when military power was lost.
-The corruption of the Catholic Church had gotten even worse and the people were more ready for change in the 1500s than at any other time.
-Many Catholics had left for the New World making the church too weak in Europe to effectively fight separatist faiths.
QUESTION 16- Why do we consider Sub-Saharan Africa as a crossroads of cultures?
QUESTION 17- How did Islam contribute to the rise of the Renaissance in Europe?
-By preserving and expanding upon ancient knowledge, as well as knowledge from other cultures, and passing those down to Europe through contract, trade, and warfare.
-By inventing new technologies and philosophies that were picked up by Europeans to make their political and economic power even greater.
-By using political models of ancient Greece and Rome to demonstrate effective government to corrupt European churches and kingdoms
-By using economic power to ensure that Europe traded exclusively with Islamic controlled areas which introduced new products and services to Europe.
QUESTION 18- What was unique about African societies before the coming of Islam and Christianity?
-They never really reached a level of Nation-States and only stopped at the formation of a few large kingdoms.
-They evolved from a mix of peoples from Asia and Europe rather than started as a collection of racially and culturally related peoples.
-There was little social division between rulers and the ruled; women held a high degree of power over land and families.
-There was an absence of warfare between tribes
QUESTION 19- What was so important about science (astronomy, physics, medicine) in the Renaissance?
QUESTION 20- What was "Feudalism"?
-A social and economic system where people on one level owed taxes and military service to those on higher levels up to the king at the top of the social pyramid.
-A custom of settling disputes between land owners by a formalized duel where the winner received the lands of the loser
-A method to ensure that each kingdom was safe from others through a system of treaties and alliances.
-A practice of the Catholic Church where priests were made advisors to the king in times of religious strife.
QUESTION 21- We have called eastern cultures "Collectivist." What does this mean?
-A culture that is generally curious about the outside world and assimilates other cultures to make the nation more diverse.
-A culture that holds all possessions in common so that no one, except for rulers, can be more wealthy than someone else.
-A culture that stresses the good of a group over the good of an individual; personal power and society are linked.
-A culture that is concerned with keeping all things in balance.
QUESTION 22- How did the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation lead to the formation of Nation-States?
QUESTION 23- What were some of the ways that the ancient Greeks helped to create a Western "Individualistic" culture?
-Through artwork that evolved from depicting perfect human forms to realistic individuals.
-Through military formations that were dependent upon each individual doing their part to keep the formation from shattering
-Through science and philosophy that searched for the nature of the world and the place of the individual within it.
-All of these
QUESTION 24- What were "scribes" in the ancient empires of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China?
-The people who made and traded paper and writing supplies in order to start some of the first trade routes.
-The early religious leaders who kept the sacred books and carvings and interpreted them into religious ceremonies.
-The elite members of the royal court who could read and write to record histories, trade, and laws.
-The people in a royal court who ensured that all taxes were paid to the king and then made sure funds were available for building projects like pyramids.
QUESTION 25- What happened to China and India during the period of European expansion in the New World?
QUESTION 26- What was the "Triangular Trade"?
-A system of moving raw materials to from a colony to become finished goods in the home nation, then moved in trade for supplies from another colony that could be shipped back to the first colony.
-A system of moving trade goods from Europe, through the Americas, for goods from China and India
-A system of moving goods from Europe, around Africa, to Asia in trade for other goods that moved back to Europe overland
-A system of trading guns for slaves from Africa, then selling the slaves in the Caribbean to middle-men who sold them again on the mainland of North or South America.
QUESTION 27- What is a "Nation-State"?
-A large kingdom that controlled many nations through treaties
-A large kingdom that controlled many cultures inside one political identity
-A political entity that contains a single cultural outlook within its borders.
-A political entity that maintain colonies in the New World
QUESTION 28- What were some ways that Islam and Christianity were alike and some ways they were different?
QUESTION 29- Why did the Renaissance produce such beautiful artwork?
-The Catholic Church went on a massive building and beautification program that hired the best and brightest artists of Europe to create art to adorn places of worship.
-European artists, especially in Italy, come into close contact with Muslim traders who provided the basis, forms, and style, of Renaissance artwork.
-Better painting and sculpting techniques had been invented that ensured Renaissance art survived to the present time.
-The rise of banking led to paid artists who could sculpt or paint using themes that combined Humanism with Greek and Roman forms.
QUESTION 30- How did the near constant state of warfare of the Aztec Empire influence how it treated women?
-Women become necessary for the army as men were killed in large numbers. This led to many rights and privileges for women.
-It firmly relegated women to the home, child rearing, and having little to no rights over land or property.
-Women were given rights only over trade skills so that they could make or repair weapons and armor.
-It ensured that most women were widows with even less social power or mobility than married women.