Question 1
What are the two stages within the first level (Preconventional level) of Kohlberg's Three Levels of Moral Development?
A. punishment and obedience orientation; instrumental and relative orientation
B. interpersonal concordance orientation; law and order orientation
C. social contract orientation; universal moral principles orientation
D. microsocial norm orientation; interpersonal concordance orientation
Question 2
What happens during the Conventional Stages of Kohlberg's Three Levels of Moral Development?
A. Children can see moral rights and wrongs.
B. Children can apply the labels good, bad, right, and wrong.
C. Children satisfy their own needs through right actions.
D. The person tries to see right and wrong impartially.
Question 3
What is an example of a microsocial norm?
A. prohibition of murder
B. prohibition of alcohol
C. prohibition of torture
D. prohibition of stealing
Question 4
_______ attempt(s) to explain the world without reaching any conclusions about whether the world is as it ought to be.
A. Ethics
B. A descriptive study
C. Social responsibility
D. Moral standards
Question 5
_______ are those norms that differ from one community to another and that should be applied to people only if their community accepts those particular norms.
A. Cultural norms
B. Microsocial norms
C. Hypernorms
D. Ethical norms
Question 6
What happened when Stalney Milgram tested subjects' willingness to follow the orders of an authority figure to give electric shocks to someone else?
A. No subjects were willing to harm other people.
B. One-third of subjects were willing to harm other people.
C. Two-thirds of subjects were willing to harm other people.
D. 90% of the subjects were willing to harm other people.
Question 7
Richard Scrushy, former CEO of HealthSouth, was convicted of:
A. Defrauding Medicare & falsifying reports
B. Stealing company property
C. Bribery, conspiracy and mail fraud
D. Bigamy
Question 8
What is the theory of ethical relativism?
A. the theory that there are universal ethical standards that people should adhere to
B. the theory that there are no ethical standards whatsoever
C. the theory that ethical standards are dependent on each particular culture
D. the theory that ethical standards are dependent on the culture's level of technology and advancement
Question 9
In the Integrative Social Contracts Theory, what is the term for moral standards that differ from one community to another?
A. social norms
B. microsocial norms
C. hypernorms
D. communal norms
Question 10
__________ include norms we have about the actions we believe are morally right and wrong, as well as the values we place on what we believe is morally good or morally bad.
A. Personal ethics
B. Behaviors
C. Moral standards
D. Social contracts
Question 11
_______ stated that businesses are obligated only to the stockholders and that owners have the right to say how the corporation should be run.
A. David Reed
B. James Rachels
C. Milton Friedman
D. Edward Freeman
Question 12
In the Integrative Social Contracts Theory, what is the term for moral standards that should be applied to people in all societies?
A. social norms
B. microsocial norms
C. hypernorms
D. macrosocial norms
Question 13
How do we stimulate moral development in ourselves?
A. experience difficult ethical decisions ourselves
B. engage in interaction and discussion of moral issues with people around us
C. read about how others have dealt with ethical decisions
D. avoid ethically dubious situations
Question 14
The term for the worldwide process by which the economic and social systems of nations become connected is called:
A. connectivity.
B. internationalization.
C. multinationalism.
D. globalization.
Question 15
Though business ethics covers a variety of topics, three basic types of issues are:
A. systematic, corporate, and public.
B. systematic, corporate, and individual.
C. individual, group, and social.
D. systematic, corporate, and group.
Question 16
_______ consists of all those methods, processes, and tools that humans invent to manipulate and control their environment.
A. Operations
B. Capital knowledge
C. Corporate capability
D. Technology
Question 17
_______ is/are not established or changed by authoritative bodies.
A. CSR guidelines
B. Affirmative action plans
C. Ethics of utility
D. Moral standards
Question 18
What does the "Loyal Agent Argument" state?
A. An employer would want to be served in whatever ways will advance his or her self-interests.
B. A customer expects to be served in whatever ways will ensure their loyalty to the company or brand.
C. An employee has a duty only to themselves as a loyal agent, and nobody else.
D. Companies will not waste time serving ethical needs because acting ethically does not advance their self-interests.
Question 19
What ethical stance should managers adopt when in a foreign country whose laws and culture are different than what they are used to?
A. Judge each case as it comes along.
B. Stick to the higher standards that are typical in their home country.
C. Always follow local practices and laws.
D. Follow their own personal code of ethics.
Question 20
What is "stakeholder theory"?
A. Corporate managers are obligated only to the shareholders, and no one else, because they own the corporation.
B. Corporate managers are obligated only to the customers, and no one else, because they are the lifeblood of the corporation.
C. Corporate managers should consider everyone, including outside interests, when making a decision.
D. Corporate managers should consider all groups or individuals who can affect the achievement of an organization's objectives.