1. Besides making ATP, what are two things cells power with proton gradients?
2. Many mammals have a specialized form of adipose (fat) tissue called "brown fat."This tissue is full of mitochondria that are actively running electron transport chains;however, these cells also produce uncoupling agents that prevent these mitochondria
from producing significant amounts of ATP.
a) what two processes are uncoupled by uncoupling agents?
b) Explain, using thermodynamics, how brown fat helps these mammals to keep warm.