What are the likely consequences on the U.S. market for tobacco products for each of the events listed below? Would the supply curve or the demand curve shift? Please indicate the direction of the shift. State whether the equilibrium price and the quantity price would increase, decrease, or stay the same. Show the changes using a standard diagram with an upward-sloping demand curve.
a. The Food and Drug Adminstration classifies tobacco as an "addictive substance.'
b. The congress votes to raise the excise tax on all tobacco products.
c. Hurricane Fran dumps 15 inches of rain on North Carolina and destroys 80 percent of that state's tobacco crop.
d. Sixteen states sue the major tobacco-related costs in their Medicaid programs.
e. Medical evidence that more than two cups of coffee a day, considered by many to be a substitute for smoking, greatly increases the risk of stomach cancer.