Using the IS-LM model, examine what happens in the short run to interest rate, income, consumption, and investment under the following. Support your answer with the appropriate logic and graphs
1) The central bank decreases the money supply (MS)
2) The government decreases government purchases (G) and taxes (T) by equal amounts
3) A wave of credit-card fraud increases the frequency with which people make transactions in cash
4) A best-seller entitled Retire Rich convinces the public to increase the percentage of their income devoted to saving