1. If both the Emperor and Hawaiian Islands Chains developed as a result of the same mantle hotspot, what is a possible reason that the hotspot trail changes direction at ~ 42 Myr?
2. What was the rate of Pacific motion relative to the Hawaiian hotspot as it was developing the 2.300 km long Emperor Seamount Chain from Myr to 42 Myr? Express the rate in centimeters per year (cm/yr.) In what direction was the plate moving north - relative to the hotspots during that time interval?
3. What was the rate of Pacific Plate motion relative to the Hawaiian hotspot from 5.1 to 0.8 Myr, expressed in cm/year?
4. Using Lo'ihi Seamont as the current location of the Hawaiian hotspot, what was the rate of Pacific Plate motion relative to the Hawaiian hotpot from 0.8 Myr to today, expressed in cm/yr?