Problem: How can I make notes with bullet points in this paragraph? If mothers continue to be responsive to the needs of their older children and help them understand the feelings of their younger sibling, intense sibling rivalry is less likely (Howe & Ross, 1990). In fact, for most children the arrival of a sibling is not a difficult transition, and they adjust well to this change in family composition (Volling, 2017). If fathers become more involved with their firstborn children after the new sibling arrives, this, too, can counter the children's feelings of displacement and jealousy. In fact, one positive effect of the birth of a second child may be that fathers get more involved in child care (Kramer & Ramsburg, 2002). When fathers have a well-developed sense of their parenting efficacy as expressed in their confidence in disciplining their firstborn, these older siblings show less aggression after the birth of a sibling (Volling, 2017).Friends, too, can serve as buffers in this potentially stressful situation. In one study, researchers found that preschool children who had good friends were less upset when their lives were disrupted by the birth of a new baby than children who did not get along well with their peers (Kramer & Gottman, 1992). Need Assignment Help?